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8U2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organism | Any living thing |
| Stimuli | Changes in the environment, anything that causes a reaction in organisms. Sunlight, temperature, and other environmental factors are all examples. |
| Taxonomy | The scientific study of how living things are classified |
| binomial nomenclature | Classification system in which each species is assigned a two |
| species | Group of living organisms that can exchange genes or interbreed |
| Autotrophs | An organism that makes its own food; "self |
| photosynthesis | The production of energy using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. |
| spore | A plant cell that is like a seed and can produce a new plant. |
| asexual reproduction | process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| heterotrophs | "other |
| vertebrates | animals that have backbones & other bones that protect & give mobility |
| invertebrates | animals that have no backbones |
| arthropods | largest group of invertebrates |
| virus | A strand of viral hereditary information (DNA) enclosed in a protein coat. |
| active cycle | The virus uses the cell to assemble its identical offspring, and then it bursts the cell open, releasing all of the replicated viruses |
| inactive cycle | letting its genetic information get replicated along with the cell's genetic information |
| bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria |
| immunity | the ability to resist infection again |
| interferons | The proteins that protect your cells from infection |
| vaccine | A small dose of the disabled virus to help build immunity |
| cell theory | States all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic building block of like, every cell comes from another existing cell. |
| Robert Hooke | First to observe cells with a microscope in the 1660s |
| organelles | Parts of the cell do many things like process and release energy, destroy and digest materials, and replicate genetic information. |
| cell membrane | A layer on the outside of the cell that holds the cell together |
| semipermeable | It can let certain stuff through and keep other things out (or in). |
| cell wall | It is a tough and rigid outer layer that protects the cell and gives it shape. |
| cellulose | Long threads of fiber that allow water and other materials through |
| cytoplasm | The jellylike substance inside the cell wall |
| cytoskeleton | made of thin protein fibers are hollow protein tubes, maintains the structure and helps things move around in the cell |
| ribosomes | The protein |
| Cells | What are the building blocks of life? |
| nucleus | The control center of the cell |
| chromosomes | Strands made of DNA |
| DNA | (Deoxyribonucleic acid) the code for genetic information |
| nuclear membrane | A protective double membrane surrounding the nucleus that controls the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus |
| nucleolus | A small structure found inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes and transports them to the cytoplasm |
| vacuoles | are temporary storage bubbles for the cell that store water, food, and waste. |
| lysosome | have chemicals to break down food, cell waste, and foreign particles that enter the cell, such as bacteria and viruses. |
| mitochondria | are the cell's powerhouse. They release energy in food by carrying out a reaction with oxygen. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | The transport facility of the cell, it is folded membranes, and it possesses and moves materials. |
| Golgi bodies | organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell |
| chloroplasts | are food production structures that contain chlorophyll |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that makes the plant look green |
| tissue | A group of cells doing a similar job |
| organs | Formed from tissues work together |
| organ system | formed from organs working together |
| Single cell | The smallest living organisms are made of a _______ _____. |
| nucleus | The _________ is the control center of a cell. |
| cellulose | Plant cells have cell walls made of _______ that provide structural support. |
| They provide the cell with energy | What do mitochondria do? |
| Chloroplasts | Plant cells have ______, which produces food from sunlight. |
| Vacuoles | The cell stores food and waste in _______. |
| Proteins | Ribosomes receive directions from hereditary material to make certain _______. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of things in and out of the cell without the use of energy. |
| Active transport | The movement of things in and out of the cell with the use of energy. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Equilibrium | A balanced state. |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Rehydrate | To absorb or take in water. |
| Facilitated diffusion | Transport proteins on the cell's membrane transport substances into and out of the cell without energy. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | a compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| chemical equation | A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products |
| Metabolism | the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy |
| Photosynthesis | Is the chemical reaction a plant carries out in order to produce energy from sunlight |
| Chlorophyll | The green pigment in plants that uses the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into energy in the form of glucose, a sugar molecule. |
| Glucose | A sugar molecule |
| Cellular Respiration | a chemical reaction where sugar is oxidized to make energy plus CO2 and water |
| Respiration | Another word for breathing and breathing allows you to get oxygen in order to power cellular respiration. |
| Fermentation | Breaking down sugars to release energy in food without using oxygen. |
| Lactic Acid | product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells |
| Amino Acids | The compounds that can be added together to make proteins. |
| Proteins | Large molecules made from stringing amino acids together. |
| Enzymes | molecules that affect theterm |
| diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion | What are the 3 types of passive transport? |
| oxygen | What does cellular respiration require that fermentation does not? |
| Energy, water, and carbon dioxide | What are the end products of cellular respiration? |
| takes place in the mitochondria | In which organelle does cellular respiration take place? |
| cell division | The process of a parent cell dividing into two or more daughter cells |
| mitosis | a process of cell division in which a single cell divides to form two identical cells |
| daughter cell | The cells that are produced as a result of mitosis. These cells are identical to each other, and also to the original parent cell. |
| parent cell | the cell that divides into two or more daughter cells, named to describe the older cell |
| chromosomes | Structures that contain all of the cell's DNA |
| asexual reproduction | when one parent organism reproduces alone, resulting in new daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent |
| binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction that allows bacteria to produce identical offspring |
| bud | A group of cells that once large enough can break off and live on its own |
| vegetative propagation | Kind of asexual reproduction that uses parts of plants (like stems, roots, leaves) to grow new plants |
| fragmentation | When a piece of the plant breaks off and the piece begins to grow into a new plant |
| regenerate | regrow lost parts |
| sexual reproduction | a male and a female organism combine their genetic material to produce an offspring |
| sex cell | a reproductive cell |
| sperm | a male sex cell |
| egg | a female sex cell |
| fertilization | when a male and female sex cell unite |
| zygote | the cell that results from fertilization; has a complete set of chromosomes |
| DNA | strands of genetic material that store hereditary information; |
| DNA stands for | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Mutation | mistakes made when DNA is replicated |
| genes | segments of DNA strands that code for a specific trait |
| RNA stands for | ribonucleic acid |
| RNA | takes the information from the DNA molecule to the ribosome |
| mRNA stands for | messenger RNA |
| mRNA | carries the DNA code out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| rRNA stands for | ribosomal RNA |
| rRNA | what ribosomes are made of; ribosomes attach to the mRNA molecule in order to begin protein production |
| tRNA stands for | transfer RNA |
| tRNA | molecules that transfer amino acids to the ribosomes |
| genome | An organism's complete set of genetic instructions |
| Human Genome Project | a project where scientists have been working for a long time to map the location of each gene on our chromosomes |
| Gamete | a cell containing half the amount of chromosomes needed |
| Meiosis | the division that produces sex cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
Created by:
Ms. Greenup
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