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Chemistry of Life
Unit 2 Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | Basic unit of matter |
| electron | A subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| ionic bond | A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| covalent bond | A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| hydrogen bond | Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
| cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances |
| solution | A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another. |
| solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
| solvent | A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
| carbohydrate | compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, a type of nutrient that when broken down to glucose provides energy. |
| lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| protein | Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues |
| nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| monomer | A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer. |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharide | large macromolecule formed from many monosaccharides, starch, cellulose, glycogen |
| fatty acids | building blocks of lipids |
| amino acids | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group- the building blocks of protein. |
| nucleotide | made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base - building blocks of nucleic acids. |
| organic | of, relating to, or derived from living matter that contain carbon |
| enzyme | Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| denature | A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things). |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| polar | having a pair of equal and opposite charges |
| hydrogen bond | Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. |
| capillary action | the combined force of attraction among water molecules and with the molecules of surrounding materials |
| cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances |
| surface tension | the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between molecules of water at the surface. |
| specific heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| iso- | equal |
| hydr- | water |
| ad- | to, toward |
| monno- | one |
| poly- | many |
| cata- | down, against |
| macro- | large |
| meso- | middle |
Created by:
KellyKirvin
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