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Horticulture
Leaf, Flower, Root, Stem Anatamoy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stamen | male part of the flower |
| filament | talk part that holds up the anther |
| anther | sack-like structure |
| pollen | grain released by the flowers |
| sepal | protect the flower in bud stage |
| pistil | female structure of the flower |
| stigma | stickly organ which is receptive to pollen |
| style | rod-shaped middle part |
| ovary | swollen base containing eggs |
| Parts of a Root | Primary Root and Secondary Root |
| Root cap | protects the apical meristem from being damaged |
| apical meristem | tip of the root, area where new cells develop |
| secondary root | branches out from the primary root |
| epidermis | surface of the root covered with a skin of cells (where water and minerals enter the root) |
| root hairs | hairlike projections- allow much more water and minerals to enter the plant |
| taproot system | one main primary root and many secondary roots branching off of the primary root |
| fibrous root system | no dominant primary root but is made of many primary and secondary roots of a smaller size |
| Root must absorb all the ____________ and ________________ that a plant needs to live | water; minerals |
| Root must _______________ the plant to the ground and _________________ the above ground part of the plant. | anchor; support |
| Roots store food that has been made through ________________. Food can be used later when a plant needs it. | photosynthesis |
| Stems help produce food through ___________________. | photosynthesis |
| Stems move _____________, minerals, and manufactured __________ throughout the whole plant. | water; food |
| Stems support the ________________ | leaves |
| Stems are responsible for the ________ and _____________ of the plant | size; shape |
| apical meristem | growing point at the tip of the stem |
| terminal bud | bud at the end of the stem |
| node | leaf attachment |
| internode | area between the leaves |
| lateral bud | at the node, just above where the leaf is attached there is always a side bud |
| bud scales | on the outside of bother terminal and lateral buds are protective structures |
| leaf scar | area where the leaf falls off the stem |
| bud scale scar | when the buds sprout each spring, the bud scaleds fall off, leaving behind a ring of scars |
| lenticels | small spots on the stem that allow a stem to exchange gases with its environment |
| External Structures of a Stem | apical meristem, terminal bud, node, internode, lateral bud, bud scales, leaf scar, bud scale scar, lenticels |
| Internal Structures of a Stem | Xylem, Phloem, Cambium, |
| Xylem tends to be found closer to the ______________ of the stem. | center |
| Xylem is made of _________-like cells which grow together to conduct liquids. | tube |
| Xylem is tissue that conducts the ______________ and ______________ throughout the plant | water; minerals |
| Phloem is tissue that conducts __________ that is produced in the leaf to the rest of the plant | food |
| Phloem form _________. Generally found toward the __________ of the stem. | tubes; outside |
| Cambium is tissue that is responsible for the _________________ of new xylem and phloem. | production |
| Cambium is generally found _____________ the xylem and phloem | between |
| Cambium is responsible for the growth in the ___________ of the stem. | girth |
| Specialized Stems include: | Bulb, Corm, Rhizome, Stolon |
| This specialized stem that has very short flattened stem which has several fleshy leaves attached to it and tend to be beneath the soil. Example: onion | Bulb |
| Specialized stem that has a spherical structure, much like a bulb. Example: gladiolus (used for funeral arrangements) | Corm |
| This specialized stem has a thick underground stem which lies horizontally. Examples: Hostas | Rhizome |
| This specialized stem has a horizontal stem that lies above the ground; sometimes called runners and are involved with the spreading of the plant. Example: Strawberries | Stolon |
| This a a rhizome with a tip that is swollen with stored food. Example: potatoes | Tuber |
| Leaf Blade | main sun collecting structure; large broad flat surface, has many layers, help the plant move, and store photosynthesis materials and by-products |
| Main parts of a leaf: | Petiole; Midrib; Vein |
| Types of Leaves | Simple; Compoung |
| Simple leaf | has only one blade on its petiole |
| Compound Leaf | has multiple blades |
| Vein patterns in Leaves: | Parallel and Netted |
| Parallel Veins | found in monocots |
| Netted Veins | found in dicots; connect and branch from each other |
| pinnately netted | several smaller veins branching out of a dominant midrib |
| palmately netted | several dominant veins branching out from the petiole |
| How a Leaf is Organized: | Cuticle, Epidermis, Palisade Mesophyll, Spongy Mesophyll, Stomata, Guard Cells |
| Cuticle | top of the leaf is a waxy non-cullular layer; prevents water from escaping |
| Epidermis | protection; skin-like layer of cells found on both the top and bottom surface of the leaf |
| Palisade Mesophyll | responsible for most of the phtosynthesis in the leaf; layer of cells- standing on end- packed very tightly |
| Spongy Mesophyll | loosely packed cells; form air spaces which hold raw materials used and products of photosythesis |
| Stomata | holes in the lower epidermis and can open and close |
| Guard cells | control the opening and closing of the stoma; surround each stomata |
Created by:
tammy.smithusd410
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