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Bio 1120 test 2
Bio Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Animals satisfy thier nutritional needs by eating other organisms | Heterotrophs |
| All animals are | multicllular |
| animals have no | cell wall |
| in animals there is no alteration of | generation |
| what reproduction is most common? | sexual |
| what is the bigges part of the animal phylum? | Crustaceans |
| What is the phylum best known for animals? | Arthropoda |
| How many tissue layers do animals have? | 2 to 3 |
| What are 3 tissue layers in animals? | endo,meso, ecto |
| Are cells arranged into tissue layers? | yes, but not sponges |
| do all animals have summetry? | no but some have radial or bilateral |
| What are the most basal animals? | sponges |
| what is the pylum for sponges? | Pylum Porifera |
| What are sponge cells similar to? | protists |
| Choanoflagellate protists are? | single celled |
| Name 2 types of tissue layers | Diploblastic and Triploblastic |
| What have only 2 layers called endoderm and ectoderm? | Diploblastic |
| What have 3 layers and have and endoderm,mesoderm and an ectoderm? | Triploblastic |
| Give an example of a Diploblastic | Jelly Fish |
| Name the only 2 Diploblastic phylum | Cnidaria and Ctenophora |
| Give some examples of Phylum Cnidaria | Corals, hydra, jellyfish |
| Give and example of Ctenophora | Comb jellies |
| Do sponges have symmetry? | No |
| What is an example of radial symmetry? | jellfish |
| What is an example of Bi lateral symmetry? | most animals |
| What has 3 layers and is bilaterly symmetrical? | Bilateria |
| What is a body cavity surrounded by mesoderm? | Coelom |
| Coelom allows the digestive track to be _____ and ______ | larger longer |
| Coelom have what kind of skeleton? | Hydrostatic |
| what have no enclosed body cavities? | Acoelomates |
| Give and example of an Acoelomate | worms |
| What have a gap in between the meso and endoderm? | Pseudocoelomates |
| What are completly surrounded by mesoderm? | Coelomates |
| What % of living animal species are bilateral triploblasts with a coelom? | 99 |
| When animals always grow into the same shape, unlike plants, this is know as? | Cephalization |
| What is the division of labor within the body? | segmentaion |
| Name the 5 kinds of feeding | 1.Filtering 2.Deposit(live within thier food;worms)3. Herbivores 4. Predator 5.parasites |
| What are the 2 types of parasites? | Endoparasites-live inside hostEctoparasite-live outside host |
| What kind of reproduction could effect the genotype where it would just make a clone of itself, disease and all? | Asexual reproduction |
| What are the 2 types of fertilization? | Internal and External (internal are animals who mate on land) |
| what are the 2 classes of fertilization? | Oviparity (egg-baring) and Viviparity(live baring) |
| Describe complete and incomplete metamorphosis | Complete-when animal goes under a complete change ex-butterfly Incomplete metamorphosis- no change just grows bigger, still looks the same |
| why is complete metamorphosis 10x more common? | the competition for good between adults and kids are reduced |
| Do sponges have symmetry? | no |
| Asexual Sponge cells are called? | totipotent |
| sexual sponge reproduction make both sperm and egg, T or F? | True, but at different times |
| what are the three functional sponge layers? | choanocytes, mesophyl, spicules |
| Sponges feed by drawing water through ______ and out the _____ | pores / Osculum |
| Hydroids, jellyfish and corals are all examples of what phylum? | Phylum Cnidaria |
| Cnidaria's all have special feeding cells called | Cnidocites |
| what are the 4 major classes of Phylum Cnidaria? | 1.Hydroza(hydroids) 2.Scyphozoa(jelly fish) 3.Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 4. Anthozoa (anemones & corals) |
| what the two stages of jellyfish? | feeding/polyp & medusae |
| Corals are made of millions of individual? | Polyps |
| Comb jellies are similar to jellyfish but lack? What Phylum do they belong to? | stinging cells Phylum Ctenophora |
| What do Acoelomorph worms lack and what phylum do they belong to? | coelom phylum acoelomorpha |
| Name the two main groups of Protosomes | Ecdysozoa (to escape,they escape thier bodies)lophotrochozoa (grow without molting) |
| Are protosomes most common? | yes, and are very diverse,most animals are protosomes |
| What are the 4 major groups of Lophotrochozoa? | 1.rotifera 2.Platheiminthers 3.Annelida 4.Mollusca |
| What are very small, have a corona with cillia, are asexual, filter feeders? | Rotifers akd Phylum Rotifera |
| T or F Rotifers can survive drying out for long periods? | True, live in aquatic environments |
| Give an example of Phylum Platyhelminthies | Flatworms |
| What are the 3 groups of Phylum Platyhelminthes? | Turbellarians, Cestodes, Trematodes |
| blind gut,heraphrodite, asexual reproduction via dividing are examples of? | Turbellarians (phylum Platyhelminthies) planaria |
| What mating style do some turbellarians do? | Penis fencing |
| tapeworms, no mouth or digestive tract, feed via diffusion, sexual reproduction are examples of? | Cestodes (Phylum Platyhelminthies) |
| flukes, complex life cycle, sexual reproduction, causes liver disfunction are examples of? | Trematodes (Phylum Trematodes) |
| What trematode fluke cause behavior change if ingested by host? | Leucochloridium |
| what phylum have 2 groups called polychaetes and oligochaetes and are segmented worms? | Phylum Annelida |
| Name the 2 groups and thier function in Phylum Annelida | 1. polychaetes-many bristles2. oligochaetes-few bristles |
| What Annelida genus was found in 2002 who eat whale bones? | Genus Osedax, males live inside the females |
| Give an example of phylum annelida | earthworm |
| name the 4 major groups of Phylum Mollusca | 1.Bivalves (clams, mussels) 2. Gastropods (smails, slugs) 3. Chitons(covered by hard plate)4. cephalopods (squid) |
| Do bivalves (clams) have a radula? | No , they are the only group lacking one |
| what has a single shell or no shell(nudibranchs) in the mollusca tribe? | Gastropods |
| Name the 4 major phyla of the protosome Ecdysozoa? | 1.Nematoda(roundworms) 2.Onychophora(velvet worms)3.Tardigrada(water bears) 4.Arthropoda(insects,spiders) |
| What is the biggest of the 4 Ecdysozoa groups? | Arthropoda |
| C.Elegans and Ascaris(intestinal roundworms) are and example of what Ecdysozoa phyla? | Nematoda |
| Are most roundworms(nematodas) ubiquitous and free living? are some parasitic? | yes, yes |
| Canine heartworm(Filaria), pinworm, elephantiases, river blindness, guinae worm are all examples of what Ecdysozo phyla? | Nematode |
| What phylum makes host commit suicide and are endoparsites? | Phylum Nematomorpha |
| What Ecdysozoa phylum are found in aquatic habitats, lay eggs, reproduce via parthenogenesis, can withstand environmental extremes, form protective ball called TUN for 100s of years? | Phlum Tardigrada |
| Insects, Crustaceans(lobsters),Myriapods, Chelicerat belong in what phylum? | Phylum Arthropoda |
| What 2 things do Arthropods have? | Jointed appendages and exoskeleton |
| Organizing adjacent segments into functional groups is called? | Tagma |
| hemocoelhemolymph | bodycavitysurrounds organs with hemocoel |
| How do arthropods breath? | through spiracles,which lead to the outside world |
| Oligochaetes are in what group and what phylum? | Annelida of the Locotrophozoa |
| What are terrestrial, deposit feeders, and are earthworms? | Oligochaetes |
| Give an example of Annelida-Hirudinea | leeches |
| What are the four groups in the protomose Ecdysozoa Arthropod ? | 1.insects 2.Crustaceans 3. Myriapods 4. Chelicerata |
| Millipedes and centipedes which have a head and trunk are what Arthropod group? | Myriapods |
| Spiders,ticks and scorpions have and anterior and posterior body section and lack antennae but have lots of eyes are in what Arthropod group? | Chelicerata |
| lobster,shrimp,crabs with a cephalothorax(head &throat) covered by carapace, and abdomen who produce Nauplius larvae are in what Arthrpoda group? | Crustaceans |
| Plantonic crustaceans are important components for what? | aquatic food webs |
| A crustacean with 10 legs, ex shrimp, crabs, lobster? A crustacean with same legs, ex rollie pollies? | Decapods isopods |
| Cymothoa Exigua is a fish parasite that replaces the host's tongue is in what Arthropod group? | Crustacean |
| The 4 phyla of deuterosomes are? | Echonoderms(starfish), hemichordata(Worms) xentoturbellida(2 species;worm like) chorodates(vertebrates) |
| crinoids,sea stars, brittle stars,sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucmbers are all part of what deuterosome phylum? | echinoderm |
| Are Echinodersm(star fish) bilateral symmetrical? | No, they are pentaradial symmetrical |
| Do Echinoderms(star fish) have and endoskeleton? | yes, just below the skin |
| What are the echinoderm(starfish) endoskeleton made of? | small calcium plates called Ossicles |
| What kind of vascular system do Echinoderms(star fish) have? | water vascular system |
| T or F , is asexual reproduction division possible in Echinoderms? | Yes, and fertilization is external |
| What are the 4 Echinoderm groups? | Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea |
| Sea Lilies and feather stars are examples of what Echinoderm class? | Crinoidea |
| Sea Stars are abundant in intertidal zone, marine predators and composed of a central disc and are in what Echinoderm class? | Asteroidea |
| Brittle Stars are the largest and most abundant class and their tube feet lack ampullae, which Echinoderm class are they? | Ophiuroidea |
| Sea urchins, sand dollars, have a 5 part body plan, walk on tube feet, eat algae are all examples of what Echinoderm class? | Echinoidea |
| Sea Cucumbers, tube feet turn to tentacles, eject organs from butt, scavengers are in what Echinoderm class? | Holothuroidea |
| What deuterosome has no brain, a blind gut, very small and didn't have a specific phylum and looks like flat worm and a Echinoderma class | Xenoturbellida |
| Is "U" shaped, called Acorn worms and is half a chordate and is a class of Echinoderma | Hemichordates |
| What 4 traits do Hemichordates share with true Chrodates? | Pharyngeal pouches, hollow nerve cord, postanal tail, notochord |
| What are the 3 chordates? | urochordata(tunicates-sea squirts) Cephalochordata(lancelets) and Vertebrata (fish, amphibians,mammals, birds and reptiles) |
| This replaces the vertebrae, and is flexible in the Chordate | Notochord |
| These Chrodates are scaleless and have a hollow nerve cord | Lancelets |
| Name the 2 major characteristics in Verterbrata | Vertebrae (protects spinal column) Cranium (protects brain) |
| Name the 6 phylums | Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora,Acoelemorpha, protosomes, deuterosomes |
| These are the major change in vertebrate evolution | Bone,jaws(teeth), limbs to support weight, amniotic egg |
| What are the 4 major groups of vertebrares? | fish, amphibians,mammals,reptiles |
| What were the earliest vertebrates with cartilage endoskeleton who have no bones or jaws? | fish |
| What fish rams their bodies into the food they eat and produce slime to protect themselves | hagfish |
| this vertebrae has no jaw, is an extoparasite | lampreys |
| this is the shark and ray class, are cariliginous oo | chondrichthyes |
| What senses pressure waves in a fish? | lateral line |
| This pumps the water over their gills | gill cover |
| this regulates buoyancy in a fish | swim bladder |
| What are the 3 groups os amphibians? | frogs, salamanders (have tails) caecillians |
| Shell,chorion(for gas exchange) Albumen(provides water), yolk sac(nutrients) allantois(pooper)Amnion(keeps embryo) describes what? | amniotic egg |
| what kind of fertilization must amphibian have to have a amniotic sac? | internal fertilization |
| turtles and tortioses are in what class? | testudina |
| snakes and lizards are in what class? | lepidosauria |
| what year did dinosaurs become extinct? | 64 mya |
| quills, shaft, barbule, hooks, barb are all parts on what? | a birds feather |
| birds and mammals are what | homeothermic(maintain body temp) and endotherms(generate own body heat) |
| reptiles are | poiklothrmic(body temp fluctuates) ectotherms(heat obtained externally) |
| this means a mammal has 2 types of teeth | heterodont |
| Hair lactation endothermy are what type of characteristic? | mammals |
| reduced heart loss, camouflage, defense weapon, senses things | Hair |
| 4 chambered heart, high metabolism, efficient respiration | endothermy |
| Monotremes(platypus), Marsupials(kangaroos) and Euthertiana( placental mammals) are all part of what mammal group? | extant mammals |
| what are the only mammals to lay eggs, nurse their young without nipples, ex- platypus | monotremes |
| what animal evolves on land and adapts to diverse habitats? | mammals aquatic, terrestrial, aerial |
| what is the most diverse mammal Order, and are known as gnawing mamals, and arae herbivores(seed eaters)? | rodenta-rodents |
| what are the only flying mammals and use echolocation to find prey? | order chiropetra (bats) |
| this group is known as the insect eating mammal ex- moles,shrews | insectivora |
| this prominent mammal order has enlarged teeth, claws | carnivores |
| what are grasping fingers and binocular vision? | Primates |
| Anthropodia and prosimians are part of what group? | Primates |
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