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8U2C4
Cell Reproduction & Protein Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell division | The process of a parent cell dividing into two or more daughter cells |
| mitosis | a process of cell division in which a single cell divides to form two identical cells |
| daughter cell | The cells that are produced as a result of mitosis. These cells are identical to each other, and also to the original parent cell. |
| parent cell | the cell that divides into two or more daughter cells, named to describe the older cell |
| chromosomes | Structures that contain all of the cell's DNA |
| asexual reproduction | when one parent organism reproduces alone, resulting in new daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent |
| binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction that allows bacteria to produce identical offspring |
| bud | A group of cells that once large enough can break off and live on its own |
| vegetative propagation | Kind of asexual reproduction that uses parts of plants (like stems, roots, leaves) to grow new plants |
| fragmentation | When a piece of the plant breaks off and the piece begins to grow into a new plant |
| regenerate | regrow lost parts |
| sexual reproduction | a male and a female organism combine their genetic material to produce an offspring |
| sex cell | a reproductive cell |
| sperm | a male sex cell |
| egg | a female sex cell |
| fertilization | when a male and female sex cell unite |
| zygote | the cell that results from fertilization; has a complete set of chromosomes |
| DNA | strands of genetic material that store hereditary information; |
| DNA stands for | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Mutation | mistakes made when DNA is replicated |
| genes | segments of DNA strands that code for a specific trait |
| RNA stands for | ribonucleic acid |
| RNA | takes the information from the DNA molecule to the ribosome |
| mRNA stands for | messenger RNA |
| mRNA | carries the DNA code out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| rRNA stands for | ribosomal RNA |
| rRNA | what ribosomes are made of; ribosomes attach to the mRNA molecule in order to begin protein production |
| tRNA stands for | transfer RNA |
| tRNA | molecules that transfer amino acids to the ribosomes |
| genome | An organism's complete set of genetic instructions |
| Human Genome Project | a project where scientists have been working for a long time to map the location of each gene on our chromosomes |
| Gamete | a cell containing half the amount of chromosomes needed |
| Meiosis | the division that produces sex cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell |
Created by:
Ms. Greenup
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