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Bio Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| individual criteria for life | regulation, reproduction, response to environment, evolutionary adaptation, energy processing and growth/development |
| what must all cells have? | cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus |
| difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells | prokaryotic cells don't have membrane bound nucleus or organelles while eukaryotic cells do |
| what's a good hypothesis | falsifiable and testable |
| an example of homestatis | sweating |
| what percentage of species have gone extinct | 99% |
| compounds that make up the body | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosophorus and sulfur |
| forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom | hydrogen bond |
| is an atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond | electronegativity |
| water | h20 |
| oxygen | 02 |
| carbon dioxide | co2 |
| sodium chloride | nacl |
| glucose | c6h12o6 |
| methane | ch4 |
| make and break chemical bonds | chemical reactions |
| four of waters properties to maintain life | cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, versatility as a solvent and expansion upon freezing |
| water molecules stick together | cohesion |
| water h-bonds to other molecules | adhesion |
| role of water in human body | acts as a lubricant between joints |
| "blood sugar" | dextrose/glucose |
| central rule of information flow in cells | DNA-> RNA -> Protein |
| monomer of carbohydrates | monosaccharide |
| monomer of nucleic acid | nucleotides |
| monomer of protein | amino acids |
| a polymer of glucose monomers | starch |
| a compound with numerous regions of partial positive and partial negative charges that can form hydrogen bonds with water. | cellulose |
| difference between starch and cellulose | For starch, glucose repeat units are located in the same direction, and each successive glucose unit is rotated 180 degrees in cellulose. |
| large molecules | macromolecules |
| hydrocarbons | energy-rich undergo reactions that release large amounts of energy |
| 3 examples of amino group and examples | histidine = hemoglobin, lysine=milk, valine= sesame seeds |
| Disaccharide is two sugars, a disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides | glyosidic linkage |
| diverse group of hydrophobic molecules | lipids |
| max number of hydrogen bonds | saturated fats (animal fats) |
| one or more double bonds | unsaturated fats (fish oils) |
| two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to the glycerol. The two fatty acids tails are hydrophobic, but the phosphate group and its attachments form a hydrophilic head | phosopholipids |
| steroid in animal cell membranes | chloestrol |
| What will happen if a bunch of hydrophobic R-groups are together? | Move toward the core of the structure, they are all clustered together. So it will be a stronger bond |
| Loss of a protein's native structure | denaturation |
| what type of reaction degrades a protein polymer | hydrolysis |
| what is plasma membrane composed of | phosophlipid biplayer |
| makes proteins | ribosomes |
| carrying genes | chromosomes |
| make soluble, cytoplasmic proteins | cytosol |
| Stores genetic information | nucleus |
| Makes ribosomes | nucleolus |
| Contains the contents of the cell | cytoplasm |
| Structure, support and transport | cytoskeleton |
| Makes proteins for the endomembrane system | rough er |
| Detoxifies the cell and makes lipids | smooth er |
| Sorts and ships proteins | golgi |
| Makes energy | mitochondria |
| Removes unwanted material and waste | lysosomes |
| Store water and nutrients | vacuoles |
| A thin flexible barrier that separates the cell from its environment | cell membrane |
| main energy source | atp |
| ripping glucose apart to make atp happens where? | mitochondria |
| hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions | amphipathic |
| fluiditly is what? | temperature dependant |
| diffusion of water | osmosis |
| peed the passive movement of molecules across plasma membrane, transport proteins contain channel proteins and carrier proteins | Facilitated diffusion transport proteins |
| active transport that works on pumps, such as sodium and potassium | ATP |
| requires energy to move ions, against concentration gradient | pump |
| don’t use ATP and used for passive transport | channel |
| substance goes from high concentration to low concentration | diffusion |
| breaking apart of two molecules by water | hydrolysis |
| large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. | proteins |
Created by:
giannamazza
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