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A&P1/7
chapter 7 outline
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones in an average adult skeleton? | 206 |
| Anatomic features of bones are based on | their relationship to soft tissues |
| 1. Functionally the skull or cranium:a. Protects theb. Supports the organs ofc. Foundation for structures that take in | a. brainb. vision, hearing, smell and tastec. air, food, and water |
| 2. Superior view of the skull-a. List the bones visible from the view:1.2.3. | 1. Frontal bone (1 bone)2. Parietal bones (2 bones)3. Occipital bone (1 bone) |
| b. Where is the sagittal suture?c. Where is the coronal suture? | b. midlinec. frontal bone |
| 3. Posterior View of the Skulla. The major structures seen from the posterior view are:1. 2. | 1. Parietal bones2. Occipital bones |
| b. Where is the lambdoid suture?c. What are sutural bones?d. The external occipital protuberance is the site1. Where can this be felt? | b. base of the craniumc. small bones or wormian bones (form along side lamboid suture)d. of attachment of the ligamentum nuchae (nape of neck)1. through the scalp at the base of the head |
| 4. Lateral View of the Skulla. A large part of the side of the head is formed byb. | a. the parietal bone and the squamous part of the temporal bone.b. close to the temporal bonec. large hole (passageway or tunnel) transmit soundwaves toward the eardrum |
| d. Describe the mastoid process1. This can be felt2. It contains cavities called3. What attaches to the mastoid process? | d. large inferior projection (posterior to the ear)1. as a prominent lump (just posterior to the ear) 2. mastoid air cells3. important neck muscles involoved in rotation of the head |
| e. What part of thesphenoid bone is visible in this view?f. Anterior to the sphenoid is g. The bridge across the side of the skull is properly calledh. Anterior and Inferior to the zygomatic bone is the | e.lateral viewf. zygomaticg. zygomatic archh. maxilla |
| I. The lower jaw is properly called the1. It articulates posteriorly with2. describe the body of the mandible3. Describe the ramus of the mandiblea. The condyle articulates withb. What attaches to the coronoid process? | i. mandible1. the temporal bone2. extends anteropsteriorly3. extends superiorly from the body toward the temporal bonea. the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone b. temporalis muscle (chewing muscle) |
| j. An alveolar process contains | j. the superior set of teeth (maxila) the interior teeth (mandible) |
| 5. Frontal view of the skulla. The major structures seen from the frontal view are: 1. 2.3.4.5. | 1. Frontal bone (forehead)2. Zygomatic bones (cheekbones)3. Maxillae4. Mandible |
| b. What are the orbits?1. The optic nerve passes through the c. The nasal septum dividesd. In addition to hyaline cartilage the nasal septum is composed of1. The2. Perpendicular | b. cone-shaped fossae (rotation of the eyes/provides-protectiond: 1. vomer and 2. plate of ethmoid bone1. optic canalc. the nasal cavity |
| e. What are the nasal conchae?1. The superior and middle nasal conchae are part of what bone?2. Functionally the conchae | e. part of ethmoid bone1. ethmoid bone2. increase the surface area in the nasal cavity, thereby facilitating moistening, the removal of particles and warming of the air inhaled through the nose |
| f. What are paranasal sinuses?1. Functionally the paranasla sinuses:a. Decreaseb. act as | f. large cavities that open into the nasal cavitya. the weightb. resonating chambers during voice production |
| 2. List the four bones containing paranasal sinuses:a.b.c.d. | a. frontalb. maxillaryc. sphenoidald. ethmoidal |
| 6. Interior View of the Skulla. what is removed to expose the cranial cavity?b. Describe the crista galli & its location:1. What attraches to the crista galli?c. Where is the cribriform plate?1. What passes through the cribriform plate? | a. calvariab. prominent ridge, located in center of the anterior fossa1. meninges, a thick connective tissue membrane that supports the brainc. ethmoidal bone1. olfactory foramina |
| d. What is the sella turcica?1. What sits in the sella turcica? | d. a saddle-shaped depression in the sphemnoid bone at the base of the human skull1. pituitary gland |
| e. The large hole in the bottom of the skull is called | e. foramen magnum |
| 7. Inferior View of the Skull a. What are the occipital condyles?1. Where are they located? | a.smooth points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column1. lateral & anterior margins of the foramen magnum |
| b. Blood vessels going to the brain pass through the c. Blood vessels leaving the brain pass through the | b. carotid canalsc. internal jugular veins |
| d. What are the styloid processes?1. They are part of which bone?2. What attaches to the styloid processes? | d. Two long, pointes styloid processes project from the floor of the temporal none1. temporal bone2. tongue, hyoid, pharynx |
| e. What is the function of the mandibular fossa? f. The medial & lateral pterygoid plates are part of which bone?1. What attaches to these plates? | e.mandible articulates with the rest of the skullf. Sphenoid bone1. lateral plate |
| g. The vomer forms what?h. The floor of the nasal cavity is called1. The anterior two-thirds is formed by2. The posterior one-third is formed by | g. most of the posterior portion of the nasal septumh. the hard palate or bony palate1. the palntine processes of the two maxillary bones2. horizontal plates of the plantine bones from the posterior |
| 8. Bones of the Skulla. What is the function of the auditory ossicles?1. They are found inside which bone?b. The eight bones that aurround and protect the brain formc. The 14 bones of facial structures form | a. hearing1. temporal bonesb. the braincasec. the structure of the face |
| B.Hyoid Bone1. The hyoid bone is attached to the skull by2. The hyoid bone provides atachment fora. Someb. Neck muscles that | 1. muscles and ligaments2:a. tongue muscles and b. elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing. |
| C. Vertebral Column1. List the five regions of the vertebral column and the number of bones in each:a.b.c.d.e. | a. cervical vertebraeb. 12 thoracic vertebraec. 5 lumbar vetebraed. 1 sacral bonee. 1 coccygeal |
| 2. Curves that are concave anteriorly appeared during3. The convex curve of the cervical region forms4. The convex curve of the lumbar region forms | 2. the scacral and cococcygeal regions3. anteriorly4. anteriorly |
| 5. Intervertebral Disksa. They are composed of & located b. Functionally intervertebral disks:1. Provide and 2. Prevent | a. fibrocartilage, between the bodies of adjacent veterbrae1. additional support2. the vertebral bodies from rubbing against eachother |
| 6. General Plan of the Vertebraea. List the five major functions of the vertebral column:1.2.3.4.5. | 1.It supports the weight of the head and trunk2. It protects the spinal cord3. It allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord4. it provides a site for muscle atachment5. It permits movement of the head and trunk |
| b. What is the body of a vertebra?c. What projects posteriorly from the body?1. Which portion is the pedicle?2. Which portion is the lamina? | b. an arch & various processesc. vertebral arch1. Foot of the arch with one on each side (anterior)2. Posterior part of the arch |
| d. What is the vertebral foramen?e. What is a transverse process?1. Where does it attach to the vertebral arch?g. functionally the transverse and spinous processes? | d. Hole in each vertebra through which the spinal cord passese. site of muscle attachemnt 1. between the two laminaeg. vertebral movement |
| h. Spinal nerves exit the vetebral column through1. These are formed by notches in the | h. the intervertebral foramina1. pedicles |
| i. What is the function of the superior and inferior articular processes?1. What is an articular facet? | i. movement and additional support1. little face |
| 7. Regional Differences in Vertebraea. Cervical vertebrae:1. Have very , partly & a .2. Atlas-first cervical vertebraea. Has no & no but it does have .b. What part of the skull does the atlas articulate with? | 1. small bodies, bifid (split) spinous process, transverse foramen 2:a. body, spinous process, large superior articulate facetsb. occipital condyles (base of skull) |
| 3. Axis-second cervical vertebraea. a. What is the dens or odontoid process? | The dens fits into the enlarged vertebrae foramen of the atlas, and the latter rotates around this process(mean tooth-shaped) *highly modified process on the superior of it's small body* |
| b. Thoracic vertebrae1. Possess which are directed and they have .2. What is the function of the articular facets on the transverse process?3. Where does the head of a rib articulate? | a:1. long thin spinous processes, inferiorly, relatively long transverse processes2. articulate with the tubercles of the tibs3. with the inferior articular facet of one vertebra & the superior articular facet for the rib head on the next vertebra dwn |
| c. Lumbar vertebrae1. Have and .2. The superior articular process faces3. The inferior aricular process facesa. When these two articulate it adds to the inferior portion of the vertebral column and limits . | c:1. large thick bodies, and heavy rectangualr transverse and spinous processes2. medially3. laterallya. strengths, rotation of the lumbar vertebrae |
| d. Sacral vertebrae1. The five vertebrae are fused into the 2. What forms the alae?3. What forms the median sacral crest?4. Why is there a sacral hiatus?5. What forms the sacral foramina?6. The sacral promontory is formed by | d:1. a single bone called the sacrum2. transverse process of the sacral vertebrae3. the spinous process |
Created by:
kiwi76
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