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Lab exam
A and P lab exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cephalic | head |
| frontal | forehead |
| orbital | eye |
| buccal | cheek |
| mental | jaw/chin |
| cervical | neck |
| axillary | armpit |
| brachial | arm |
| coxal | pelvis bones (excluding sacrum) |
| carpal | wrist |
| thoracic | mid back |
| pelvic | below lumbar region of abdomen |
| inguinal | groin |
| pubic | pubic bone of pelvis |
| femoral | thighs |
| patellar | knee |
| crural | shin |
| tarsal | ankle |
| cranial | skull |
| occipital | base of skull |
| lumbar | low back/spine |
| gluteal | butt |
| sacral | end of spine/ between pelvic bones |
| perineal | region between genitals and anus |
| popliteal | back of knee |
| calcanea | heel |
| sural | calf |
| antebrachial | forearm |
| metric units for volume | liters |
| metric unit for length | meter |
| metric unit for mass | grams |
| metric unit for temperature | celcius |
| Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion | (F-32) x 5 ------------ 9 |
| how many pounds in a kilogram | 2.2 lbs |
| how many centimeters in an inch | 2.54 |
| microscope: ocular lenses | lenses closest to your eyes |
| microscope: objective | part the you can rotate to change the zoom; the stubs |
| microscope: nosepiece | place the objective (stubs) is attached to |
| microscope: stage | platform where slide sits |
| microscope: coarse adjustment | big knob on side to make big changes to focus the slide |
| microscope: fine adjustment | small knob on big knob to sharpen the focus |
| microscope: condenser | lease that concentrates light |
| microscope: diaphragm | adjusts light intensity |
| total magnification = | lense (normally 10) x objective |
| images in microscope appear | upside down and backwards |
| nucleus function | contains cells genetic code |
| nucleolus | synthesis of ribosomal nucleic acid (RNA) |
| rough ER | transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the ER |
| smooth ER | manufactures molecule of cell membranes like lipids |
| golgi apparatus | processes material from the ER and puts it in vesicles |
| mitochondria | synthesis of ATP |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| plasma membrane | keeps cell inside cell, semipermeable |
| peroxisome | breaks down lipids |
| lysosome | digestive system of the cell |
| cytosol | jelly that organelles are suspended in |
| vesicles | transport materials |
| brownian motion | random motion of particles, drives diffusion |
| diffusion | particles tend to move from an area of high to low concentration |
| osmosis | movement of water from a high to low; moves to dilute solute |
| tonicity | relative term comparing the concentrations of one solution to another |
| osmolarity | # of dissolved particles/ total volume |
| selectively permeable | allows passage of some molecules; small hydrophobic for the cell |
| hematocrit | percent of total volume taken up by RBCs |
| how to obtain hematocrit | take a sample of blood, spin it, measure dark red section |
| how does urea being able to cross the cell membrane affect fluid movement? | water will move to dilute the solute |
| how does crenation affect hematocrit? | decrease in packed cell volume |
| how does hemolysis affect hematocrit? | decrease in RBC amount but also made it hard to measure since it dyed the plasma red |
| function of epithelium | protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, sensory reception |
| simple squamous | absorption, in places that need to diffuse like alveoli or lining body cavities |
| simple cuboidal | secrete and absorption; in kidney tubules and glands |
| simple columnar | absorption; usually with cilia and microvilli; in intestine and stomach |
| stratified squamous (keratinized) | protection; epidermis |
| stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) | protection but not exposed to outside dryness, esophagus |
| stratified cuboidal | secreting; in ducts like salivary and sweat |
| stratified columnar | secrete and protect; mucous membrane lining the eyelids |
| pseudo stratified columnar | barrier that moves things, absorption and secretion; upper respiratory tract; has cilia |
| purpose of connective tissue | vascularized, connection, structural support, material transport, storage |
| loose areolar | provides support, binds skin in papillary dermis |
| adipose | storage of fat and energy and cushioning from organs |
| reticular | support cell types in lymph organs |
| dense fibrous regular | connection; tendons and ligaments |
| dense fibrous irregular | connection; allows for 360 stretch and tension; in reticular dermis and capsules of organs |
| elastic connective tissue | structural support; resistance to stretching; walls of arteries |
| elastic cartilage | structural support; outer ear |
| hyaline cartilage | structural support; ends of bones and epiphyseal plate |
| fibrocartilage | structural support; intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis |
| blood | transport |
| hair | cylinder of keratin; root is in follicle, shaft, bulb, arrestor pili |
| sebaceous glands | produce sebum, condition hair and skin, prevents water loss |
| apocrine glands | axillary, genital areas; produce smelly organic substance |
| eccrine glands | everywhere else; produce salty watery sweat |
| fontanelles of fetal skull | posterior, anterior, sphenoid, and mastoid |
| osteon | single circle unit; the whole tree, |
| canaliculi | beatle legs, bone fingers, small canals |
| lacuna | bone nest, where osteocyte lies, body of Beatle |
| lamella | individual tree rings, |
| myeloid tissue | in medullary cavity, bone marrow |
| osteocyte | maintains bone matrix, lies in lucuna |
| periosteum | outside of bone |
| endosteum | lining of medullary cavity |
| trabecula | the mesh of spongey bone, the sponge |
| transverse canal | connects osteons, lie horizontally |
| parietal bone (x2) | crown of head |
| frontal bone | forehead |
| temporal bone (x2) | on temples, below parietal |
| occipital bone | base of skull |
| ethmoid (x2) | outer nose bones, by the eyes |
| nasal (x2) | nose bones |
| maxillary (x2) | below your nose; part of jaw fused to skull |
| zygomatic (x2) | cheekbone |
| mandible | mobile jaw |
| lacrimal (x2) | in front of ethmoid, inner corner of eye |
| palatine (x2) | hinge of jaw, hard palate |
| vomer | small nasal midline bone |
| angle | corner |
| body | main portion of bone |
| condyle | rounded bump, usually a joint |
| crest | moderately raised ridge; usually for muscle attachment |
| epicondyle | bump near condyle, bump on bump |
| facet | flat surface |
| fissure | long crackled hole |
| foramen | round hole |
| head | distinct epiphysis |
| line | less pronounced ridge |
| margin | edge of flat bone |
| meatus | tubelike opening or channel |
| neck | base of head |
| notch | V like depression in the margin of flat bone |
| process | a raised area of projection |
| ramus | curved portion of a bone |
| sinus | cavity within a bone |
| sulcus | groove or elongated depression |
| spine | sharp ridge |
| trochanter | largest bump |
| tubercle | small bump |
| tuberosity | oblong raised bump |
| sesamoid bone | patella |
| wormian bones | sutures of skull |
| Pacinian corpuscles | pressure |
| Ruffini’s corpuscles | slippage |
| Thermoreceptors/ free nerve endings | hot/cold |
| Meissners’ corpuscles | touch |
| Merkel’s discs | texture |
Created by:
tannejoy
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