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Laura Richitelli
NG_Physiology_221-02 Weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Negative Feedback loops are inhibitory or stimulatory? | Inhibitory |
| It is an organism's ability to keep a constant internal environment, and refers to stability, balance, or equilibrium within a cell or the body. | Homeostasis |
| When an output of matter, energy, or information is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system. This is called? | Feedback Loop |
| A negative feedback loop is inhibitory AND more common. True or False? | True |
| What are the 4 Basic components of control systems? | 1. sensor mechanisms 2. integrator or control center 3. effector mechanism 4. feedback |
| Is a positive feedback loop stimulatory or inhibitory? | stimulatory |
| What term refers to within the cell? | intracellular |
| What term refers to within tissues or organs? | Intrinsic |
| Which term means the study of the cause of disease? a. pathoderm b. biophysiology c. etiology d. dysmorphia | c. etiology |
| Which term means; pertaining to disease of unknown origin? a. idiopathic b. endopathic c. physiopathic d. mesopathic | a. idiopathic |
| What neural structure lies below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion? | hypothalamus |
| Effectors can be described as: a. organs that are able to identify the variable being controlled. b. organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. c. a type of communication control system. d. inhibitory organs. | b. organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| The most important monosaccharide is? | glucose |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | maltose |
| The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the day. These daily cyles are called? | circadian cycles |
| What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? | afferent |
| What is the form of energy that cells generally use? a. Slow b. ATP c. Maladextrose d. Fast-twitch | b. ATP |
| Which term means "water loving" and applies to the phospholipid head? a. hydrophobic b. hydrophilic c. hydroponic d. hydrostatic | b. hydrophilic |
| A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid. True or False? | False |
| What determines how a protein performs? | Its shape. |
| Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? a. dextrose b. chitin c. fructose d. glycogen | d. glycogen |
| All proteins have which four elements? | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) a. isomer b. monomer c. glycogen d. polymer | d. polymer |
| In base paitings of DNA molecules, ______ is bound to _____ a. adenine: thymine b. adenine: guanine c. guanine: cystosine d. adenine; uracil | a. adenine: thymine |
| When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released. True or False? | False |
| Which of these is not a lipid? a. fat b. steroid c. cholesterol d. polysaccharide | d. polysaccharide |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: a. monosaccharides b. disaccharides c. amino acids d. fatty acids and glycerol | d. fatty acids and glycerol |
| What are the 5 layers of the skin starting from most superficial layer to deepest? | 1. stratum corneum 2. stratum lucidum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum spinosum 5. stratum basale |
| What are the two layers of the dermis? a. pupil and epithelial layers b. papillary and epithelial layers c. papillary and reticular layers d. bassilar and reticular layers | c. papillary and reticular layers |
| The dermis is much thicker than the edpidermis. True or False? | True |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it. These are called? a. arrector pilli b. errector villi c. papalae d. folicular spinosa | a. arrector pilli |
| Two groups of melanin are made by the melanocytes of the body. What are they? a. eumelanin and pheomelanin b. eumelanin and metromelanin c. hemoglobin and melaninide d. none of the above | a. eumelanin and pheomelanin |
| What is considered a liquid tissue? | Blood |
| Cartilage is avascular-therefore nutrition of cells depends on diffusion of nutrients through matirx. True or False? | True |
| What are the 3 types of cartilage? | 1. Hyaline 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic |
| Which is a function of adipose tissue? a. protection b. unsulation c. energy reserves d. all are functions of adipose tissue | d. all are functions of adipose tissue |
| What are typically considered the 5 categories of bones? | 1. long bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones 5. sesamoid bones |
| The diaphysis is; a. on the proximal and distal ends of a long bone b. provides support and is very dense and heavy c. is hollow, cylindrical in shape, and provides support without weight d. is filled with blood vessels and red bone marrow | c. is hollow, cylindrical in shape, and provides support without weight |
| The periosteum; a. attaches tendons firmly to bones b. contains cells that destroy bone c. contains blood vessels important to growth and repair d. all of the above | d. all of the above |
| Bones store about 98% of the bodies calcium reserves. True or False? | True |
| Which facial bone is shaped like the bald of a plough and forms the inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum? a. ala b. ethmoid c. occipital d. vomer | d. vomer |
| What is the only bone in the body that does not form a joint with any other bone? | hyoid |
| Name the 5 segments of the vetebral column and the number of bones in each. | Cervical-7 Thoracic-12 Lumbar-5 Sacrum-5 fused bones Coccyx-3-5 fused bones |
| The radius is __________to the humerus? | distal |
| The head of the femur attaches to the pelvis via the? | acetabulum |
| The long bones of the foot are called the? | metatarsals |
| If the subpubic angle of a skeleton measures greater than 90 degrees, you are likely observing a male or femal pelvis? | Female |
| A greenstick fracture is considered a complete fracture and is most common in the elderly. True or False? | False |
| What are 3 primary joint classifications by function? | 1. synarthroses 2. amphiarthroses 3. diarthroses |
| Which type of joint is freely moveable? | diarthroses |
| Synarthroses means a joint is? a. immovable b.moveable c. slightly moveable | a. immovable |
| Sutures are only found in what part of the body? | The skull |
| Which joint is the body's most moveable joint, most numerous, and most anatomically complex joint in the body? | synovial joints |
| Name 6 types of synovial joints. | 1. hinge 2. pivot 3. saddle 4. condyloid 5. ball and socket 6. giding |
| The interphalangeal joints are what type of joint and what type of movement are they for? | hinge flexion and extenion |
| In a muscle cell what is the term used for the cytoplasm of the muscle cell? | sarcoplasm |
| In a muscle cell what is the term used for the plasma membrane? | sarcolemma |
| What is the function of the tubules and sacs known as the sarco plasmic reticumlum? | temporarily store Ca++ |
| What structure is unique to muscle cells? | Transverse Tubules-T Tubules |
| Energy resynthesis of ATP can be quickly supplied by the breakdown of what other high-energy compound? | creatine phosphate |
| Continued, efficient nutrient catabolism by muscle fibers requires what 2 essential ingredients? | glucose and oxygen |
| What process allows the body to generate rapid bursts of energy in the short term? | anaerobic |
| A _______ contraction is a continual, partial contraction in a muscle organ. a. tonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. myotonific | a. tonic |
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larichNG
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