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Chemistry of Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| an atom is... | the smallest particle of a substance that is still a substance |
| atoms are composed of... | subatomic particles |
| the subatomic particles are... | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| protons have a... | positive charge |
| neutrons have... | no charge |
| electrons have a... | negative charge |
| element | a pure substance consisting of all the same type of atoms |
| compound | a chemical combination of two or more elements |
| atoms that have compounds are held together by... | chemical bonds |
| a bond formation involves | electrons |
| two main types of bonds | ionic and covalent |
| ionic bond is formed when... | one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ions are formed when... | electrons are gained or lost |
| an atom that loses electrons has a... | positive charge |
| an atoms that gains electrons has a... | negative charge |
| an ionic bond is formed when (second reason) | ions of opposite charges are attracted to one another |
| a covalent bond is formed when... | electrons are shared between atoms |
| when some atoms have a stronger attraction for electrons, the electrons are.. | shared unequally |
| the atom which the electrons spend most of their time around will have a... | negative charge |
| the atom which the electrons spend the least of their time around will have a... | positive charge |
| polar covalent bond are.. | electrons shared unequally so one end is positive and one end is negative |
| non polar covalent bonds are... | when the electrons are shared equally |
| water molecules stick together because... | the opposite charges of the molecules attract one another |
| a single water molecule can form up to____ hydrogen bonds with other water molecules at the same time | 4 |
| cohesion | the attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | the attraction between molecules of a different substance |
| mixture | a substance composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| homogenous mixture | evenly combined mixture |
| heterogeneous mixture | unevenly combined mixture |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture where parts of the solution are evenly combined |
| solute | thing being dissolved |
| solvent | the dissolver |
| suspensions | a mixture of water and undissolved materials |
| pieces are "suspended" when... | they are not dissolved in the water |
| surface tension | a cohesive attraction between molecules at the surface of a liquid |
| capillary action | the ability of a liquid to flow into marrow spaces as a result of adhesion and cohesion |
| water is | cohesive |
| water molecules like to... | stick together because of cohesion |
| pH | measure of H+ ions in a mixture |
| pH scale | used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution |
| pH ranges from... | 0 to 14 |
| below 7 pH is... | acidic |
| above 7 pH is.. | basic |
| 7 pH is... | pure (water) |
| acid | any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution |
| base (basic) | any compound that forms OH- ions in a solution |
| buffers | prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| the pH of most human cells should be between... | 6 and 8 |
| cells must be able to... | control their pH |
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Study.All.Day
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