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BIO Chpt 4

Biology 103 Chapter 4

QuestionAnswer
What is cell doctrine? cell theory and biogenesis
describe cell theory. All organisms are composed of cells.
What is biogenesis? Life (cells) come only from preexisting cells
What is the size of cells? Cells are between one micrometer and one millimeter in size.
Why do cells need to be so small? Because of the surface area to volume ration and becaue of the cell is controled by a nucleus.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? The endosymbiotic theory tells how eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes.
What is the result of a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotes? The endosymbiotic theory
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? *Have a "true" membrane bound nucleus*DNA in separate strands called chromosomes*Have additional membrane bound structures called organelles*Comprise the Domain Eucarya,which includes algae, protozoans, fungi, plants and animals.
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? *Do not have a "true" membrane bound nucleus, but rather a nucleoid, an area of DNA.*DNA is a single loop.*Have no membrane bound organelles.*Comprise the Domains Archaea and Bacteria.
What are two types of cells? Prokaryotic: found in bacteriaEukaryotic: found in more complex organisms
What common cell structure regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell? cell membrane
What common cell structure provides strength and protection to the cell membrane? cell wall
What is the liquid part of the cell? cytoplasm
What is the material making up the genes of a cell? DNA
What is the site protein synthesis? ribosomes
What are the prokaryotic cell structurers? *Cell Envelope: plasma (cell) membrane; cell wall; glycocalyx capsule and slime layer*Cytoplasm: nucleoid; ribosomes; thylaloids (cyanobacteria)*Appendages: flagella; sex pili; fimbriae
What are the eukaryote structures? *Nucleus is the control center for cellular reproduction and protein synthesis*Ribosomes: the site of protein synthesis; produced in the nucleolus of the nucleus (large and small subunits)
What is the endomembrane system? It helps compartmentalize the cell for efficient work.
Name the eight parts of the endomembrane system. *Production*Processing*Transport*Storage of intercellular molecules*Endoplasmic Reticulum*Golgi*Vessicles*Vacuoles
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? the initial synthesis of molecules
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? rough: synthesizes protein molecules (rough ER)smooth: sythesizes various non-protein molecules (smooth ER)
What is the Golgi Apparatus? the processing and refinement of molecules.
What does the vessicles do? transport molecules
Name the three specialized vessicles. *Lysosomes*Peroxisomes*Glyoxysomes
What does the vacuoles do? storage of molecules such as: water;pigments; toxins
Where is the central vacuole found? Plant cells
What are the two energy related oganelles? *Mitochondria: cell respiration*Chloroplasts: photosynthesis
What are two characteristics of energy related organelles? They have their DNA & RibosomesThey control their own reproduction
What are mitochondria? Are found in all eukaryotic cells and are the site of cell respiration
What are chloroplasts? green plants and algae and the site of photosynthesis
What are the functions of cytoskeleton? *maintains cell shape*assists in movement of its parts
What are the types of protein elements in cytoskeleton? *actin filaments*intermediate filaments*microtubules
What are actin filaments? long thin fibers that controll structure and movement (interacts with myosin in muscles)
What do intermediate filaments controll? mechanical strengthsupport cell structurescell junctions
What are microtubules? small cylinders which lie free in the cytoplasm
Created by: hawk7586
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