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Bacteria Quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| microorganisms | small, living organisms not visible to the naked eye |
| pathogenic microorganisms | cause infection and disease |
| nonpathogenic microorganisms | normal bacteria, does cause infection and disease |
| bacteria | small, single-celled organisms, multiple types of this microorganism |
| cocci | round in shape, type of bacteria |
| bacilli | rod shape, type of bacteria, may have flagella and form spores, difficult to treat |
| spirilla | rigid; spiral or corkscrew shape, type of bacteria |
| protozoa | one celled, animal-like organism, found in decayed materials, animal feces, insect bites, and contaminated water, certain types have flagella |
| fungi | simple, plant-like organisms; lives on dead or decaying organic matter, can produce antibiotics |
| rickettsia | parasitic; cannot live outside the cells of another living organism, transmitted through bites or fleas, ticks, lice, and mites |
| viruses | smallest microorganism; can only be seen using an electron microscope, requires a host for survival, difficult to kill, over 300 types, treated with anti-viral drugs |
| helminths | parasitic worm-like organisms; flukes, live inside and feed off their host, disrupt nutrient absorption |
| microorganisms need these 4 (5) things | a warm environment, darkness, a source of food, a source of moisture, sometimes oxygen |
| infection | when microorganisms enter the body, increase in number, and cause a reaction |
| infectious disease | results from an invasion of microorganisms |
| communicable disease | a type of infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another person |
| local infection | only a specific portion of the body is infected |
| systemic infection | affects the entire body |
| HAIs (nosocomial infections) | acquired in a healthcare setting, often antibiotic resistant |
| endogenous infection | caused by microorganisms already present in the body |
| exogenous infection | caused by pathogens entering the body from the outside environment |
| opportunistic infections | infections that occur when the body's defenses are weakened |
| 6 links in the chain of infection | infectious/causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
| infectious/causative agent | a pathogen that can cause a disease |
| reservoir | any are where the infectious/causative agent can live, thrive and reproduce |
| portal of exit | a way for the infectious agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing |
| mode of transmission | aby way the infectious/causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live |
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