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Zoology Unit 2
Zoology Unit 2: Simple Animals (Sponges & Jellyfish)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phylum Porifera | simple, pore-bearing animals that filter-feed; include sponges |
| Phylum Cnidaria | a group of animals that exist in either polyp or medusa form, can be motile or sessile, and include jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones |
| motile | able to move about |
| sessile | attached to a surface, not motile |
| polyp stage | the sessile phase of cnidarian; tentacles are arranged at the top of the organism and arranged around the mouth; ex: sea anemones, hydra, and coral are examples |
| medusa stage | the motile phase of cnidarian; tentacles are arranged at the bottom of the organism; bell shaped form such as jellyfish |
| ostia | one of many openings in the side of a sponge's body; where water enters the sponge |
| osculum | larger opening of the sponge where water exits at the top of the sponge |
| budding | form of asexual reproduction that can be done by poriferans and cnidarians |
| asexual reproduction | when one organisms produces offspring identical to itself |
| sexual reproduction | when two parents contribute genetics to the offspring; the offspring is not identical to either parent |
| monoecious | male and female reproductive parts and gametes are found in the same organism; hermaphrodite |
| dioecious | male and female reproductive parts and gametes are found in different organisms |
| anthozoa | "flower animal" a class of cnidarian which includes sea anemones and corals, polyp form |
| hydrozoa | "water animals" a class of cnidarian which includes the hydra very tiny animals that often form colonies |
| scyphozoa | "cup animals", a class of cnidarian which includes the true jellyfish, in medusa form except the polyp formed during reproduction |
| nerve net | the network of conducting cells that receive sensory input and allow for response to the environment; in cnidarians which lack a brain |
| spicules | proteins that form rigid support structures for the walls of a poriferan (sponge) |
| choanocytes | collar cells with a flagella which help water flow into the ostia of a poriferan and filter food from the water |
| archaeocytes | also known as amoebocytes; these cells have many functions and can help transport nutrients throughout a poriferan (sponge) |
| ectoderm | outer layer of tissue of a cnidarian |
| endoderm | inner layer of tissue of a cnidarian |
| mesoglea | "middle glue" , the gelatinous material between the layers of tissue in cnidarians |
| mouth | the opening in the center of the tentacles of cnidarians; food enters, is digested, and waste is expelled from the same opening |
| tentacles | structures surrounding the mouth of a cnidarian with stinging cells called cnidocytes/nematocyts |
| nematocyst | another name for a cnidocyte; the stinging cells on the tentacles of cnidarians |
| gastrovascular cavity | within a cnidarian, where food enters and is digested; It is the digestive and circulatory organ "having a digestive and circulatory function" |
| coral reef | the structure built over many thousands of years by certain cnidarian polyps; they are important for the diversity of life they support; "the rainforest of the sea" |
| radial | type of symmetry found in cnidarians and some poriferans |
| asymmetry | lacking symmetry; found in some poriferans (sponges) |
| cell organization | level of organization in poriferans |
| tissue organization | level of organization in cnidarians |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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