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Unit 2 Biology
Properties of Water, Macromolecules, Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is water polar? | Water is polar because the oxygen is slightly negative while the hydrogen are slightly positive. |
| What does polarity mean? | The molecules have an unequal charge on opposite ends. |
| Define Adhesion. | Water sticks to other substances |
| Define Cohesion. | Water that sticks to water. |
| Define Surface tension. | The tension on the surface of water caused by cohesion. |
| Define Water/Ice Density. | Solid water (ice) is less dense than water |
| Capillary Action | The ability of water to climb up thin tubes |
| What are the six elements that make up 99% of life? | Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) , Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S). |
| What is the element that is the foundation of all organic molecules? | Carbon (Its atomic number is 6) |
| What elements are in the macromolecule of carbohydrate ? | 1 Carbon, 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen |
| What does Monomer mean? | One part |
| What does Polymer mean? | Many Parts |
| What are Macromolecules? | Large molecules formed from hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules that make up living organisms. |
| What Macromolecule is associated with long term energy ? | Lipid. |
| What is the Monomers of a carbohydrate? | Mono-saccharides One Sugar |
| What are the polymers of carbohydrates? | Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. |
| What are carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen atoms called? | Hydrocarbon |
| What can Carbon do? | Can form 4 strong covalent bonds with other atoms including other carbons |
| What elements make up Lipid? | Oxygen (Little) , Carbon (more), Hydrogen (Lots) |
| What are the monomers of a Lipid? | Fatty Acid and Glycerol. |
| What are the polymers of a Lipid? | Fats, Oils, and Waxes. |
| What is short term energy associated with? | Carbohydrates. |
| What elements make up a protein? | Carbon , Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur (CHONS) |
| What is the monomer of a Protein? | Amino Acid. |
| What are the polymers of Protein? | Polypeptide . |
| What is the function of protein? | Form cell structures Transport substances Enzyme control the rate of reactions regulate (Homeostasis) cell process defense against diseases (antibodies) |
| What elements are Nucleic acids made up of? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP). |
| What is the monomer of Nucleic Acids? | Nucleotide. |
| What are the polymers of Nucleic Acids? | Store and transmit genetic information. Sync proteins to make through RNA |
| Define Chemical reaction. | A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Define Exothermic. | Reactions that releases energy (exo =exit). |
| Define Endothermic | Reactions that absorb energy (endo= "in the" ). |
| Define Reactants. | The "ingredient" of a chemical reaction (before the arrow). |
| Define Products. | Produced by a reaction (after the arrow). |
| What type of macromolecule is an enzyme? | Protein. |
| What is a catalyst? | They lower the activation energy to speed up the reaction. |
| What does activation energy mean? | The energy needed for reaction to start. |
| What suffix do the names of enzymes usually end with? | -ASE |
| What are some characteristics of enzymes? | Act as a catalyst Are reusable Remain unchanged by the reaction They are shape specific and can be denatured |
| What does Denature mean? | Take away or alter natural qualities. |
| Define Hydrolysis. | Breaking apart polymers apart to form monomers. |
| Define Monomers. | The subunit or the individual structural unit of a molecule. |
| What does Catabolic mean? | The breaking down of complex molecules. |
| Define Anabolic. | Building up complex molecules from smaller ones |
| Define Substrate. | (Key) comes in to bond to an enzyme. |
| Define Active Site. | (Keyhole) is the place on the enzyme that the substrate binds to. |
| Define Enzyme. | Ready accept substrate to react via enzyme. |
| Define Product. | Is released after the reaction and enzyme is ready for next substrate. |
| Why is an enzyme substrate complex referred to as a "Lock and Key"? | Only a specific shape substrate can bind to a specific shape enzyme. |
| What are the factors that can affect enzyme activity? | Temperature pH Activators Concentration Inhibitors |
| Explain Temperature. | Too high or too low it can cause enzyme to denature |
| Explain pH . | A pH outside of an enzyme's optimum range can also cause the enzyme to denature. |
| Explain Activator. | Activates inside our body that help boast enzyme activity is needed. |
| Explain Concentration. | The substrate an enzyme bind to the faster the activity until it reaches its maximum capacity |
| Explain Inhibitors. | Slow down or stop enzyme function with inhibitors that might block the activation of , or bind to a spot to change its shape. |
| What happens when a enzyme denatures? | It will change its shape and its function (not usable anymore). |
| What is the optimal pH for pepsin? | 2 |
| What is the optimal pH for amylase? | 6 |
| Why do enzymes have different rate of reaction at different pH levels? | Its optimal pH ranges are different based on their function. |
| How do enzymes affect reaction rates based on the graph? | Without enzyme it would require more activation energy for the reaction to start compared to when enzymes are involved ( without enzyme the reaction would take longer to get to the product stage). |
| Why are enzymes so important ? | Nearly all chemical reactions in biological cells need enzymes to make the reaction occur fast enough to keep up with life. |
Created by:
Hcps-Traoret
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