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Bio Ch. 6
Cell Division
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | a DNA double helix wrapped around spools of proteins |
| Cell cycle | sequence of events that makes up the life of a typical eukaryotic cell from its origin to the time it divides to produce 2 daughter cells |
| Interphase | includes G1, S, & G2 phases, 90% of a cell's life |
| G1 phase | a cell has grown & is ready to replicate its DNA |
| S phase | all the cell’s DNA is replicated |
| G2 phase | cells make final preparations for cell division |
| Cell division | 1 copy of the replicated parent cell DNA is delivered to each of the two daughter cells |
| G0 phase | when cells don't complete the cell cycle, it enters a non-dividing state |
| Asexual reproduction | generates clones, offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Binary fission | prokaryotic cell copies the 1 circular chromosome & each daughter cell receives 1 copy of the DNA loop |
| Mitotic division | generates 2 genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell |
| Mitosis | division of the copied chromosomes, we want to create identical cells |
| Tumor | cell mass created by rapid, runaway cell division |
| Benign | when a tumor is confined to 1 site |
| Angiogenesis | formation of new blood vessels to supply a tumor to grow larger |
| Anchorage dependence | most cells are anchored in one place & will stop dividing if they’re detached |
| Cancer cell | a tumor cell gains anchorage independence and starts invading other tissues |
| Malignant cell | another name for a cancer cell |
| Metastasis | the spread of a disease from one organ to another |
| Sister chromatids | the two identical DNA molecules produced by the replication of a chromosome |
| Centromere | the central region of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids together |
| Cytokinesis | the division of the rest of the cell, the cytoplasm |
| Meiosis | cell division used in sexual reproduction to produce offspring |
| Sexual reproduction | the production of sperm & eggs through meiosis |
| Somatic cell | are diploid cells (2n), includes all non-sex cells produced by mitosis |
| Gamete | egg/sperm, sex cells (n) |
| Diploid | 2n, possessing a double set of genetic information |
| Haploid | your own 23 gamete cells (n) |
| Fertilization | fusion of 2 haploid (n) gametes |
| Zygote | a single diploid (2n) cell |
| Homologous pair | pair of chromosomes with 1 from each parent |
| Meiosis 1 | homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated into 2 different daughter cells, sister chromatids remain together, & produces 2 haploid cells (n) |
| Meiosis 2 | sister chromatids separate & produces 4 haploid cells (n) with unduplicated chromosomes |
| Crossing over | physical exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids in each duplicated homologous pair of chromosomes |
| Genetic recombination | the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes brought about by crossing-over, contributing to variation in gametes |
| Independent assortment | the random distribution of the homologous chromosomes into daughter cells |
| Crossing over occurs durring | Meiosis 1, Prophase 1 |
Created by:
nat.riv
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