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Bio test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of the following are the four classes of organic molecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| what does it mean if a molecule is described as organic | it contains carbon |
| examples of carbohydrates | glucose, cellulose, chitin |
| examples of lipids | olive oil, bees wax, bacon fat |
| when fat is described as saturated, what is it saturated with | hydrogen |
| what building block goes with the organic molecule protein | amino acids |
| what building block goes with the organic molecule carbohydrates | simple sugars |
| what building block goes with the organic molecule nucleic acid | nucleotides |
| what building block goes with the organic molecule lipids | fatty acids |
| what is not a characteristic of saturated fat | they tend to dissolve easily in water |
| what is a food that is most likley to contain cellulose | broccoli |
| phosphides are important components of which cellular structure | membranes |
| what is the result of dehydration synthesis | two molecules form a chemical bond with each other |
| what is a possible outcome of hydrolysis | a starch is broken into simple sugar molecules |
| how does dehydration synthesis happen | a water molecule is REMOVED from the reactants |
| how does hydrolysis happen | a water molecule is ADDED to the reactants |
| Biological macromolecules are polymers that are constructed from phospholipid | polymers and monomers |
| why do cells preform cellular respiration | to produce ATP |
| inputs of cellular respiration | glucose and CO2 |
| what happens during glycolysis | "sugar breaking" glucose if broken in half into pyruvate yielding 2 ATP and NADH |
| what happens during the citric acid cycle | chemical reactions break down pyruvate to generate NADH and FADH2 and CO2 |
| what happens during the electron transport chain | an electron loses energy as it goes from protein to protein and eventually picks up oxygen. The proteins use the energy from the electron to pump protons and create potential energy before the protons go through ATP synthase and produce ATP |
| what is the primary output of cellular respiration | ATP |
| what are the byproducts of cellular respiration | CO2 and H2O |
| why do people die if they have their oxygen cut off | The ETC wont be able to complete and energy wont be produced |
| where does the flow of energy begin in cellular respiration | the breaking of the glucose during glycolysis |
| what is the purpose of pumping protons into the inter membrane space | it creates potential energy based off their repulsion and requires them to exit through ATP synthase eventually becoming ATP |
| what are the three steps of cellular respiration | glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain |
| of the three steps of cellular respiration, which one is preformed by cells that engage in fermentation | glycolysis |
| what are common products of fermentation | alcohol and CO2 or lactic acid |
| does fermentation produce any ATP | no |
| how do cells give off energy through fermentation | 2ATP are still produced during glycolysis |
| why are most cells limited to a small size | small size allows ions and other molecules to diffuse efficiently |
| what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells | prokaryotic does not have a nucleus or other organelles like eukaryotes. |
| what is the difference between plant and animal cells | plants have organelles like cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuoles and use photosynthesis wnile animal cells use cellular respiration |
| function of the cell wall | provides support, structure, and shape |
| function of plasma membrane | controls what pass through the cell membrane |
| function of mitochondria | carries out cellular respiration and produces ATP |
| function of chloroplasts | organelle that carries out photosynthesis |
| function of Golgi apparatus | packages proteins to be distributed in synthesis |
| function of ribosomes | carries out synthesis and production of proteins |
| function of nucleus | stores the cells dna |
| function of flagellum | hair like structure that help cell move |
| function of cytoskeleton | provides cell structure |
| function of endoplasmic reticulum | modifies proteins and produces lipids |
| function of lysosome | animal cell organelle used for digestion |
| function of endomembrane system | group of organelles that carries out synthesis of lipids and proteins |
| what is the role of the proton gradient | protons flow down into the matrix to eventually form ATP |
| what is the role ATP synthase | enzyme that creates ATP |
| what is the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration | cellular respiration uses oxygen to produce energy unlike fermentation |
| what are the outputs of fermentation | alcohol, lactic acid, NADH, CO2 |
| why does chlorophyl not glow red on plants | because it reflects a longer wavelength |
Created by:
mrmhky
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