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AP Biology U2

Cells: Structure and Function

QuestionAnswer
Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm that consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Cytoskeleton
Microtubules Shape the cell, guide organelle movement, separate chromosomes of dividing cells
What is largest component of the cytoskeleton? Microtubules
What make up microtubules? Tubulin dimers
Microfilaments Bear tension, cell shape, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming, cell motility, cell division
What makes up microfilaments? Actin subunits
Intermediate Filaments cell shape, anchor the nucleus, anchor organelles, form nuclear lamina - provides structure to nuclear envelope.
What makes up intermediate filaments? fibrous proteins supercoiled
Amphipathic hydrophobic and hydrophillic sections
Phosphate Head hydrophilic, polar, phosphate group
Phosphate Tail hydrophobic, nonpolar, hydrocarbon chain
Polar ions large cannot pass through lipid bilayer without transport proteins
Nonpolar ions smaller can pass through lipid bilayer
Integral Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer
Peripheral Proteins attached to cell membrane
Purpose of membrane proteins aid in transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell recognition, intercelllular joining, attachment to cytoskeleton
Animal cell's short chais of sugars linked to proteins or lipids glycolipids, glycoproteins
Tight Junction prevent leaking between calls by using proteins to bind membranes together
Demosomes fasten cells together
Gap Junctions proteins surround pores and allows passage of materials between cells
Created by: Lilly_Floyd
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