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Bio Ch. 5
How Cells Work
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that capture, store, or release energy |
| Metabolic Pathway | chains of linked chemical reactions |
| Photosynthesis | process of capturing energy from the sun to create sugars |
| Cellular Respiration | process of breaking down glucose, releasing the stored energy for cellular use |
| Anabolism | metabolic pathways that create complex molecules from simpler compounds |
| Catabolism | metabolic pathways that break down complex molecules |
| Energy carrier | deliver energy where it’s needed in the cell |
| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate, carries energy in every cell |
| ADP | Adenosine Diphosphate |
| Anaerobic | doesn't require oxygen for metabolism |
| Chlorophyll | green pigment specialized for absorbing light energy |
| Light-dependent reactions | requires energy from sunlight |
| Electron transport chain | elaborate chain of chemical events in which electrons and protons (H+) are handed over to other molecules that ultimately generates ATP and NADPH |
| Light-independent reactions | requires energy from ATP & other energy carriers |
| Calvin cycle | another name for light-dependent reactions |
| Rubisco | enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, fixing a carbon molecule from CO2 |
| Carbon fixation | carbon, as CO2, from the nonliving atmosphere, is made available to the living world as sugars that can be consumed as food for energy |
| Enzyme | molecules that speed up chemical reactions |
| Substrate | molecules that will react to form new products |
| Active site | the location within an enzyme where substrates are bound |
| Induced fit | the enzyme changes shape after a molecule binds to its active site |
| Glycolysis | takes in glucose (ADP, NAD+) & releases 2 pyruvates (ATP, NADH) |
| Krebs cycle | takes in pyruvate (ADP, NAD+, FAD) & releases CO2 (ATP, NADH, FADH2) |
| Citric acid cycle | Krebs cycle |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | NADH has e- that’s filled with too much energy so they’re given to the electron transport chain where it then becomes NAD+ |
| Aerobic | requires oxygen for metabolism |
| Fermentation | enables cells to generate ATP in the absence of oxygen |
Created by:
nat.riv
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