The transport of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Concentration gradient

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Molecules move from high to low concentrations.

Diffusion of molecules through the membrane via transport proteins(Helper)

Water diffusion with a salute, low to high solute concentration

provide channel (hydrophilic) for molecules and ions to pass, only allow passage when there is a stimulus.

specific channel protein for water

undergo conformational changes for substances to pass

difference in solute concentration across a membrane(uneven) High to low concentration gradient.

requires energy(ATP) to transport molecules

unequal distribution of charge across a membrane results in an electrochemical gradient.

generate voltage across membrane low to high concentration gradient

integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across membrane

The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient.

uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane

the secretion of molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.

Cell eating, digested by lysosome

Cell drinking, dissolved molecules

receptor-mediated endocytosis

specific molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor

The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic

The control of water balance. Animals cells more out and plant cells moves in

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.(Same)

lose water to their extracellular surrounding(Higher, more water outside)

Gain water(less, lower water in outside) a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis

The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.

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Unit 2 topic 6-9

AP Bio Unit 2 Topic 6-9

Question	Answer
Passive Transport	The transport of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy
Active Transport	Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Concentration gradient	difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
Diffusion	Molecules move from high to low concentrations.
Facilitated Carrier	Diffusion of molecules through the membrane via transport proteins(Helper)
Osmosis	Water diffusion with a salute, low to high solute concentration
Channel Protein	provide channel (hydrophilic) for molecules and ions to pass, only allow passage when there is a stimulus.
Aquaporins	specific channel protein for water
Carrier Proteins	undergo conformational changes for substances to pass
Chemical Gradient	difference in solute concentration across a membrane(uneven) High to low concentration gradient.
Active Transport	requires energy(ATP) to transport molecules
ATP	Energy Source
Pumps	Maintain membrane potential
Membrane Potential	unequal distribution of charge across a membrane results in an electrochemical gradient.
Electrogenic pumps	generate voltage across membrane low to high concentration gradient
Proton Pumps	integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across membrane
Cotransport	The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient.
Endocytosis	uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane
Exocytosis	the secretion of molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.
Phagocytosis	Cell eating, digested by lysosome
Pinocytosis	Cell drinking, dissolved molecules
receptor-mediated endocytosis	specific molecules are taken in after they bind to a receptor
Tonicity	The ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Osmoregulation	The control of water balance. Animals cells more out and plant cells moves in
Isotonic Solution	A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.(Same)
Hypertonic Solution	lose water to their extracellular surrounding(Higher, more water outside)
Hypotonic Solution	Gain water(less, lower water in outside) a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis
Water Potential	The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.

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