Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Ch. 4
Life is Cellular
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | the smallest unit of life |
| Genome | the complete set of genes of an organism |
| DNA | the genetic material that transfers information from parents to offspring |
| Gene | basic unit of information that codes for a distinct genetic characteristic |
| Cell Theory | Every living organism is made up of 1 or more cells, All cells living today came from preexisting cells, Every cell derives from a preexisting cell |
| Virus | a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside a living cell |
| Building blocks of DNA | Nucleotides |
| 4 nucleotides that make up DNA | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), & Cytosine (C) |
| Plasma Membrane | a phospholipid bilayer (2 layers) that separates a cell from its external environment |
| Phospholipid | an organic molecule with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | double layer of phospholipids in which the heads face out and the tails face in |
| Liposome | when a phospholipid bilayer forms a sphere |
| Transport Protein | a protein that acts like a gate, channel, or pump that allows molecules to move into and out of a cell |
| Selective Permeability | some substances can cross the plasma membrane on their own with some excluded |
| Active Transport | molecules move across the membrane from lower to higher concentration WITH ATP (energy) & TRANSPORT PROTEINS |
| Passive Transport | movement of a substance across a membrane without the addition of energy |
| Diffusion | molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Simple Diffusion | no transport proteins required |
| Osmosis | how water moves in & out of cells and organelles (high to low) |
| Viral Strain | any of the variant forms of a particular type of virus |
| Isotonic | cells are surrounded by fluid with the SAME solute concentration as the cell’s interior |
| Hypertonic | cells are surrounded by fluid with a HIGHER solute concentration than the cell’s interior |
| Hypotonic | cells are surrounded by fluid with a LOWER solute concentration than the cell’s interior |
| Facilitated Diffusion | requires transport proteins |
| Receptor Protein | a site where a molecule from another cell can bind |
| Vesicle | packages formed by sections of the cell’s plasma membrane by inward or outward |
| Exocytosis | used to expel substances out |
| Endocytosis | used to bring external substances in |
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | receptor proteins in the membrane recognize & bind to specific molecules to take them into the cell |
| Phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| Pinocytosis | cellular drinking |
| Prokaryote | single-celled organisms that have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, & ribosomes |
| Eukaryote | DNA is enclosed in a double-membrane-enclused nucleus, have organelles, & their volume can be a thousand times larger than prokaryotic cells |
| Nucleus | control center of the eukaryotic cell |
| Organelle | any of the membrane-enclosed subcellular compartments found in eukaryotic cells |
| Nuclear Envelope | the boundary of a cell's nucleus, consisting of two concentric phospholipid bilayers |
| Nuclear Pore | any of many small openings in the nuclear envelope that allow chemical messages to enter and exit the nucleus |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | an interconnected network of sacs made of a single membrane continuous with the nuclear envelope |
| Smooth ER | makes lipids & hormones |
| Ribosome | molecular machines that produce proteins |
| Rough ER | embedded with ribosomes that make proteins |
| Golgi Apparatus | repackages proteins & lipids into vesicles & directs them to their final destinations inside or outside the cell |
| Lysosome | the garbage & recycling centers of the cell |
| Vacuole | water balance & storage & toxic waste storage |
| Mitochondria | main source of energy in eukaryotic cells |
| Chloroplast | capture energy from sunlight & use it to make sugar molecules via photosynthesis |
| Cytoskeleton | a network of protein cylinders & filaments that forms the framework of a cell |
Created by:
nat.riv
Popular Biology sets