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Chapter 6 Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| activation energy | energy necessary for reactions to occur |
| active site | enzyme's specific region to which the substrate binds |
| allosteric inhibition | inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the enzyme's affinity for its substrate |
| anabolic (also, anabolism) | pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency |
| bioenergetics | study of energy flowing through living systems |
| catabolic (also, catabolism) | pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones |
| chemical energy | potential energy in chemical bonds that releases when those bonds are broken |
| coenzyme | small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance an enzyme's activity |
| cofactor | inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal enzyme activity regulation |
| Phosphagen | This system uses creatine phosphate (CP) and has a very rapid rate of ATP production. The creatine phosphate is used to reconstitute ATP after it’s broken down to release its energy. The total amount of CP and ATP stored in muscles is small, so there is limited energy available for muscular contraction. It is, however, instantaneously available and is essential at the onset of activity, as well as during short-term high-intensity activities lasting about 1 to 30 seconds in duration, such as sprinting, weigh |
| Anaerobic Glycolysis | Anaerobic glycolysis does not require oxygen and uses the energy contained in glucose for the formation of ATP. This pathway occurs within the cytoplasm and breaks glucose down into a simpler component called pyruvate. As an intermediate pathway between the phosphagen and aerobic system, anaerobic glycolysis can produce ATP quite rapidly for use during activities requiring large bursts of energy over somewhat longer periods of time (30 seconds to three minutes max, or during endurance activities prior to st |
| Aerobic Glycolysis | This pathway requires oxygen to produce ATP, because carbohydrates and fats are only burned in the presence of oxygen. This pathway occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is used for activities requiring sustained energy production. Aerobic glycolysis has a slow rate of ATP production and is predominantly utilized during longer-duration, lower-intensity activities after the phosphagen and anaerobic systems have fatigued. |
| Energy pathways | three systems( Phosphagen, Anaerobic Glycolysis, and Aerobic Glycolysis) contribute to the energy needs of the body during physical activity. These systems do not work independently of each other, but rather dominate at different times, depending on the duration and the intensity of the activity. |
| competitive inhibition | type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzyme's active site |
| denature | process that changes a substance's natural properties |
| endergonic | describes chemical reactions that require energy input |
| energy coupling | process during which energy released by one reaction is used to drive another reaction |
| feedback inhibition | a product's effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme's activity in the pathway that produces it |
| free energy | Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work |
| heat | energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the molecules' motion or particles) |
| heat energy | total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction |
| induced fit | dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding |
| kinetic energy | energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion |
| metabolism | reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism |
| phosphoanhydride bond | bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule |
| potential energy | energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy |
| substrate | molecule on which the enzyme acts |
Created by:
ralexander
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