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Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
What is the product of meiosis? four genetically unique gametes (haploid cells)
What is the benefit of genetic variation? Increases chances of survival in a population
What causes genetic variation? Crossing over in prophase I, and independent assortment in metaphase I
What is a diploid cell? A cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes
What is a haploid cell? A cell containing 1 set of chromosomes
What are homologous chromosomes? A pair of chromosomes carrying genes controlling the same inherited traits
Where does meiosis occur? in reproductive tissues
How many divisions are there in meiosis? 2
What happens in meiosis 1? separates homologous chromosomes and results in 2 haploid daughter cells with duplicated chromosomes that are different from the original cell (crossover events).
What happens in meiosis 2? separates 2 sister chromatids (just like mitosis) and results in 4 haploid daughter cells called gametes (sex cells) with undoubled chromosomes.
In what phase do cells increase in size, synthesize proteins, and replicate DNA? Interphase
In what phase does DNA condense and a diploid number of chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibers form, and centrioles separate? Prophase I
What is different about Prophase I in meiosis compared to prophase in mitosis? Homologous chromosomes come together, pair up, form a tetrad
What is a tetrad? wo doubled chromosomes or four chromatids
When does crossing over occur? Prophase I
What is crossing over? nonsister chromatids “cross over” and exchange genetic information
In what phase do homologous pairs align in the middle of the cell? Metaphase I
When does independent assortment occur? Metaphase I
What is independent assortment? Each pair of homologues lines up randomly (or independent) of other pairs.
What is the difference between metaphase I in meiosis and metaphase in mitosis? Tetrads line up in the middle in meiosis, where as sister chromatids line up in mitosis
In what phase do homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles? Anaphase I
What is the difference between anaphase i in meiosis and anaphase in mitosis? Nonsister chromatids separate in meiosis, sister chromatids separate in mitosis
In what phase does nuclear membranes reform, spindle fibers break down, and cytokinesis begins? Telophase I
In what phase does the cytoplasm fully split, new cell membranes form, and two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes form? Cytokinesis I
Is there a second interphase in meiosis? NO
In what phase does DNA condenses and a haploid number of replicated chromosomes become visible, spindle fibers form, nuclear membrane breaks up, and centrioles separate? Prophase II
In what phase do sister chromatids (haploid #) line up at the MIDDLE and spindle fibers attach to centromeres? Metaphase II
In what phase do sister chromatids (haploid) separate and move to opposite poles? Anaphase II
In what phase does nuclear membranes reform, spindle fibers break down, chromosomes uncoil, and cytokinesis begins for a second time? Telophase II
In what phase does the cytoplasm split to result in four unique haploid daughter cells with only one set of chromosomes that are unreplicated? Cytokinesis II
How many chromosomes do the resulting cells from meiosis have? 23
When fertilization occurs, it creates a zygote. How many chromosomes are in a zygote? 46
Created by: zahnsg
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