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Biology 36-37 Vocab
| Words | Definitions |
|---|---|
| monocot | a subdivsion of flowering plants whose members posses one embryonic seed leaf |
| dicot | a subdivision of flowering plants whose members posses two embryonic seed leaves |
| root | the part of a plant, usually below the ground, that lackes nodes, shoots, and leaves, holds the plant in position, draws water and nourishment from the soil, and stores food |
| shoot | the aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and flowers |
| dermal tissues | the protective covering of plants; generally a single layer of tightly packed epidermal cells covering young plant organs formed by primary growth. epidermis "the skin" of the plant |
| vascular bundle | vascular tissue that runs the length of a stem in several strands. It consists essentially of xylem and phoelm. |
| ground tissues | a tissue of mostly parenchyma cells that mkaes up the bulk of a young plant and fills the space between the deraml and vascular tissue systems. |
| cotyledon | the one (monocot) or two (dicot) seed leaves of an angiosperm embryo. |
| taproot | large, vertical root that produces many smaller lateral roots or branch roots |
| node | a point along the stems of a plant at which leaves are attached |
| internode | the segment of a plant stem between the point where leaves are attached |
| apical dominance | concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot, where a terminal bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth |
| blade | the flattened part of a leaf |
| petiole | the stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem |
| protoplast | the contents of a plant cell exclusive of the cell wall |
| parenchyma cells | a relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries most of the metabolism, synthesizes and store organic products, and develops into more differentiated cell types |
| companion cell | a type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve-tube member by many plasmodesmata and who’s nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve-tube members |
| epidermis | the dermal tissue system in plants. The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. Its primary function is controlling water relations. |
| cuticle | a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that helps the aerial parts of the plant retain water |
| annual | a plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or growing season |
| perennial | a plant that requires two or more years to complete its full life cycle. |
| root cap | a cone of cells at the top of a plant root that protects the apical meristem |
| zone of cell division | inncludes the apical meristem and primary meristems. |
| zone of elongation | This is the region of hte root tip adjacent to the zone of cell division. The cells elongate to more than ten times thier original length. |
| zone of maturation | This is the region of the root tip adjacent to the zone of cell elogation. As cells finish elongating they begin to specialize structure and function. |
| phloem | The portion of the vascular system in plants consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant |
| pith | the core of the central vascular cylinder of monocot roots, consisting of parenchyma cells, which are ringed by vascular tissue; ground tissue interior to vascular bundles in dicot systems |
| endodermis | the inner-most layer of the cortex in plant roots |
| pericycle | a layer of cells just inside the endodermis of a root that may become meristematic and behind dividing again |
| lateral roots | sprouted from roots they arise from the outermost layer of the stele. |
| guard cell | a specialize epidermal plant cell that forms the boundaries of the stoma |
| stoma | a microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange |
| transpiration | the evaporative loss of a water from a plant |
| mesophyll | the ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photosynthesis |
| secondary growth | the increase in girth of the stems and roots of many plants, especially woody, perennial dicots |
| bark | all tissues external to the vascular cambium in a plant growing in thickness, consisting of phloem, phelloderm, cork cambium, and cork |
| xerophytes | plants that have adapted to arid climates with adaptations such as small, tick leaves, thick cuticles, and the protection of the stomata within leaf indentations |
| flaccid | limp; walled cells are flaccid in isotonic surroundings, where there is no tendency for water to enter |
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NOVABrendan
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