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Biology Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| activation energy | Energy needed to get a reaction started |
| active site | The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs. |
| Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| bond | the force that holds two atoms together |
| Buffer | compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| capillary action | the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid |
| Carbohydrates | the starches and sugars present in foods |
| Cellulose | A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms |
| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| denatured enzyme | An enzyme which no longer functions because its shape has been changed. |
| Disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. |
| Enzymes | Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things |
| Glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. |
| Hemoglobin | An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. |
| Hormones | chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues |
| Insulin | A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics |
| Lipids | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| lock and key model | The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate fitting perfectly into the active site |
| Monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers |
| Monosaccharides | Single sugar molecules:glucose, fructose, galactose |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus, DNA and RNA |
| Nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| organic | of, relating to, or derived from living matter, contains carbon |
| peptide bond | The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid |
| pH | A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| Polarity | A lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. Charge differences on opposite ends of a structure. |
| Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. |
| Polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. |
| Polysaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides, many sugars |
| product | A substance produced in a chemical reaction |
| Protein | An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| Reactant | A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction |
| Starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. |
| Steroids | a class of lipids that have a basic structure of four linked carbon rings and include cholesterol, vitamin D, and a variety of hormones. |
| Substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
mihumili
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