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DB Ch11 - Genetics

Vocabulary for Ch 11 in Biology by Miller and Levine

QuestionAnswer
Genetics scientific study of heredity
Fertilization process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cell join to form a new cell
True-breeding term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
Trait specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another
Hybrids offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Genes sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Alleles one of a number of different forms of a gene
Segregation separation of alleles during gamete formation
Gametes specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Probability likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnett square diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
Homozygous term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
Heterozygous term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
Phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype genetic makeup of an organism
Independent assortment independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes.
Incomplete dominance situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another.
Codominance situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism.
Multiple alleles three or more alleles of the same gene.
Polygenic traits trait controlled by two or more genes.
Homologous term used to refer to chromosomes that each has a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent.
Diploid term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
Haploid term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.
Meiosis process by which the number of the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Tetrad structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis.
Crossing-over process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Created by: ayemme
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