Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam 2-2
Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| wild-type alleles | prevalent alleles in a population, encode proteins that function normally + made in popular amounts |
| genetic polymorphism | can produce more than one wild-type in large populations, change in DNA sequence |
| Mendelian inheritance obey two laws | law of segregation + law of independent assortment |
| Simple mendelian inheritance involves | single gene w/2 diff. alleles + alleles display a simple dominant/recessive relationship |
| mutant alleles | alleles that have been altered by mutation, defective in ability to express functional protein, tend to be rare in natural pops., inherited in recessive fashion |
| Why one dominant allele is enough for wild-type | 50% of normal protein is enough to accomplish the proteins cellular function |
| genotype | amount of functional protein |
| gain-of-function | protein encoded by mutant gene that is changed so it gains a new or abnormal function |
| dominant-negative | protein encoded by mutant genes acts as poison to the normal protein |
| haploinsufficiency | mutant is loss-of-function, heterozygote does not make enough product to give wild-type phenotype, 50% not enough |
| incomplete penetrance | dominant allele does not influence the outcome of a trait in heterozygote individual (phenotype), described at a population level |
| expressivity | degree to which a trait is expressed |
| environmental effects on gene expressivity | changes in environment can effects how genes are expressed, ex: coat color in foxes, ability to metabolize phenylalanine (PKU) |
| norm of reaction | effects of environment variation on the phenotype |
| incomplete dominance | heterozygote exhibits a phenotype that is intermediate between the corresponding homozygote, ex: red, white + pink flowers |
| phenotype/trait for shape | can be seen with naked eye, simple dominant/recessive relationship |
| phenotype/trait for starch content | with microscope, incomplete dominance |
| sickle cell anemia | shortens life span of RBC, odd-shaped cell clumps, blocks capillary circulation, recessive, less likely to have malaria |
| multiple alleles | found in natural populations, typically 3 or more alleles, blood type |
| blood type codominance | IA and IB are codominant, both expressed in heterozygous individual |
| codominance | two alleles are both expressed simultaneously w/o forming an intermediate phenotype |
Created by:
carleisapp
Popular Biology sets