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bio
cell organelle/functions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chloroplast | A plastid containing chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse of cell" that transforms food energy into ATP. |
| Golgi Apparatus | "Post Office of cell" that coordinates the packaging and shipment of materials out of the cell |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of membranous tubes where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of membranous sacs covered with ribosomes where many proteins are assembled. |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell; wrapped in a double membrane called the nuclear envelope; houses genetic material (DNA) |
| Cell Wall | A rigid, strong outer layer made of cellulose; found in plant cells, gives the cell structure |
| Central Vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of water, also may contain many solutes |
| Centrioles | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and give the cell structure, allow for motility |
| Plasma Membrane | A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells |
| Prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. |
| Eukaryote | An organism having cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| Ribosome | A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis. |
| Lysosome | membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes; created by Golgi |
| Vesicle | A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell; created by Golgi |
| Stain | A chemical that binds to parts of the cell and allows those parts to be seen more easily under a microscope |
| Antony van Leeuwenhoek | Known as the "Father of Microbiology" |
| Rudolf Virchow | (1855) pathologist, said cells divide to form new cells. All living cells come from preexisting cells |
| Matthias Schleiden | (1838) botanist, concluded that all plant tissues are made of cells |
| Cell Theory | All organisms are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function. Cells come only from the reproduction of preexisting cells. |
| Robert Hooke | (1665) first scientist to see a cell, cork, compound light microscope, saw tiny boxes and named it cells which means "little rooms" in Latin |
| Theodore Schwann | (1838) zoologist, concluded that all animal tissues are made of cells |
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ap.5596
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