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bio

cell organelle/functions

TermDefinition
Chloroplast A plastid containing chlorophyll, the site of photosynthesis
mitochondria Powerhouse of cell" that transforms food energy into ATP.
Golgi Apparatus "Post Office of cell" that coordinates the packaging and shipment of materials out of the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum A network of membranous tubes where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum A network of membranous sacs covered with ribosomes where many proteins are assembled.
Nucleus Control center of the cell; wrapped in a double membrane called the nuclear envelope; houses genetic material (DNA)
Cell Wall A rigid, strong outer layer made of cellulose; found in plant cells, gives the cell structure
Central Vacuole A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of water, also may contain many solutes
Centrioles Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
Cytoskeleton A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and give the cell structure, allow for motility
Plasma Membrane A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
Prokaryote A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryote An organism having cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Ribosome A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis.
Lysosome membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes; created by Golgi
Vesicle A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell; created by Golgi
Stain A chemical that binds to parts of the cell and allows those parts to be seen more easily under a microscope
Antony van Leeuwenhoek Known as the "Father of Microbiology"
Rudolf Virchow (1855) pathologist, said cells divide to form new cells. All living cells come from preexisting cells
Matthias Schleiden (1838) botanist, concluded that all plant tissues are made of cells
Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function. Cells come only from the reproduction of preexisting cells.
Robert Hooke (1665) first scientist to see a cell, cork, compound light microscope, saw tiny boxes and named it cells which means "little rooms" in Latin
Theodore Schwann (1838) zoologist, concluded that all animal tissues are made of cells
Created by: ap.5596
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