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20 - 58 vocab
Honors Bio Lab Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Basic unit of matter |
| Nucleus | Small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| Electron | negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
| Element | substance consisting entirely of only one type of atom |
| Isotope | atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element |
| Compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| Ionic Bond | bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| conalent bond | bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms |
| Molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| van der Waals forces | a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| hydrogen bond | a bond formed when electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom. |
| cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
| solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| ph scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 |
| Acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution |
| Base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) in solution |
| Buffer | weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
| Polymers | large compound formed from combinations of many monomer |
| Carbohydrates | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| Monosaccharides | Single sugar molecule |
| Lipid | macromolecule containing carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| Nucleic Acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| Nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Reactants | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Product | element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| Solution | mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| suspension | mixture of water and non-dissolved materials |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| activation energy | Energy needed to get a reaction started |
| Subtrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
delayne
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