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PHCC Body #5
PHCC endocrine-BODY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the endocrine system? | ductless glands that secrete their hormones directly into the blood stream |
| What are hormones? | chemical catalysts |
| A chemical catalysts causes what? | a reaction to occur |
| What is Homeostasis? | the balancing act of the hormones of the body maintaining the internal enviroment with in certain narrow ranges |
| The petuitary gland is located where and called what? | location= base of the brain , size of a pea |
| What is the other name for petuitary gland? | hypophysis aka master gland |
| Why is the petuitary gland called the master gland? | because it's hormones control the functions of many other endocrine glands. |
| What gland controls the petiutary gland? | the hypothalamus |
| What are the 2 sections of the petuitary gland ? | anterior and posterior lobes |
| The anterior portion of the petuitary gland produce what hormones? | GH=growth hormone, TSH(T7)=thryoid stimulating hormone,ACTH=adrenocorticotropic hrmones, MSH= melanocytes stimulation hormones, FSH= follicle stimulating hormone, LH = luteinizing hormones, lactogenic hormone |
| The posterior portion of the petuitary gland produces what hormones? | ADH= antidiuretin hormones(vasopressin), OT = oxytocin. |
| What is GH? | growth hormone that stimulates cell metabolism causing cells to divide (replucate) and increase in size ( significant amounts of Gh are secreted until age 20)/ insufficient amonts of GH can cause dwarfism / escessive amounts cause giantism |
| What is humatrope=somatropin? | a synthetic GH |
| What is TSH ( T7)? | thryoid stimulating hormone = tyrotropin ( stimulates the thyroid to produce it's hormones |
| What is ACTH? | adrenocorticotropic hormones ( stimulates adrenal glands to produce their hormones ) |
| What is MSH? | melanocytes stimulation hormones( stimulates the melanocytes to produce melanin ( skin pigment)/ albinism = a hereditary disorder characterized by an absence of melanin. |
| What is FSH? | follicle stimulating hormone A=ovaries to start the maturation process of a follicle (oocytes) into an ovum B= testes to create sperm ( spermatogenesis) |
| What is LH? | luteinizing hormone ( women= ovulation and the production of progesterone to maintain pregnancy , Male= production of testosterone in males |
| What is Lactogenic hormone ? | also called prolactin it stimulates the production of milk (lactation) |
| What is ADH? | antidiuretin hormone aka vasopressin ( influences the volume of urine production) |
| What is Diabetes Insipidus? | insufficient production of ADH |
| What is pitressin (vaspressin)? | synthetic ADH |
| What is OT? | oxytocin (stimulates the uterus to contract dring labor)and is called the binding hormone ( refers to male/female and mother/neonate bonding) |
| What is pitocin "pit dip"? | a synthetic oxytocin |
| Where is the thyroid gland located? | the right and left sides of the trachea just inferior to the larynx |
| What are the hormones produced by the thyroid? | T4= thyroxine, T3= triiodothyronine, calcitonin |
| What is T3+T4 commonly referred to and what does it do? | thyroxine responsible for the regulation of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism |
| What does metabolism refer to? | the rate at which the body utilizes (burns) energy |
| What is hyperthyroidism? | Graves disease |
| What is hypothyroidism ? | myxedema |
| What is Synthroid= levothyroxine? | a synthetic thyroxine |
| What is calcitonin ? | the hormone released to when the blood levels of Ca rise causing the deposit of Ca & P in the bones |
| Where is the parathyroid gland located? | embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and are raisin sizes |
| What is the hormone secreted by the parathyroid ? | PTH= parathyroid hormone aka parathormone |
| What does PTH cause? | osteocytes to release stored Ca & P into the blood , this will occur when serum ca levels fall |
| Where are the adrenal glands located? | just superior to the kidneys, supera renal glands |
| What is the outer portion of the adrenal gland called? | adrenla cortex |
| What is the inner portion of the adrenal gland called? | adrenal medulla |
| What is the hormone that the adrenal medulla produce? | Adrenalin aka epinephrine ( which contributes to the flight or fight response.) |
| What does the fight or flight response include? | a breakdown of glycogen to glucose, tachycardia, tachypnea, bronchodilation, hypertension, pallor |
| What does the adrenal gland produce? | aldosterone, cortisal ( hydrocortisone) |
| Aldosterone and Cortisal are type of steroids? | corticosteroids |
| What are anabolic steroids? | synthetic versions of testosterone |
| what conditions are associated with anabolic steroids? | sudden death(MI, CVA), liver cancer, aggressiveness (roid rage) |
| what does aldosterone do? | regulates lytes ( sodium(NA), potassium (K), Chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P) ), Ca & P are mineral salts |
| What is the action of cortisol( hydrocortisone)? | maintain proper glucose concentration in the blood between meals, helps reduce the inflammatory response, aids the body with stressful situations |
| What disease is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol? | Cushing Disease |
| What disease is caused by hyposecretion of cortisol? | Addison's Disease |
| Cortisone is a what? | a synthitic cortisol |
| Where is the pancrease located? | posterior to the stomach |
| what is the purpose of the pancrease? | the production of insulin and glucagon |
| when is insulin secreted into the blood stream? | after the BS rises after eating a meal |
| What does insulin allow the cells of the body to do? | it allows glucose to enter |
| When does the BS levels fall? | after the glucose enters the cells |
| What does the pancrease do when the BS levels fall? | secretes glucagon |
| What does glucagon do? | it stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose ( this action increase BS levels) |
| What is a normal BS range? | 90-130 mg/dl before meals (ac), <180 mg/dl 2 hours after a meal (pc) |
| Hypo secretion of insulin and /or the difficult utilization of glucose ( insulin resistance) by the celss cause what condition? | DM |
| What is Humulin | a synthetic insulin |
| What are oral hypoglycemics ( antidiabetics)? | meds designed to stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin or aid the cells in glucose utlization |
| What are the risk factors for DM ? | heredity, obesity, over consumption of food, sedentary lifestyle, gestational DM, African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, chronic hypertension |
Created by:
wgolon
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