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Science 1.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geologist | A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth |
| rock | a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other material such as organic matter |
| geology | The study of earth's history as revealed in the rocks that make up the earth |
| constructive force | shape Earth's surface by building up mountains and land masses |
| destructive force | Destroys and wears away landmasses through a process like erosion and weathering |
| continent | one of Earth's seven large land areas |
| seismic wave | a ground vibration produced by an earthquake. The closer to the epicenter, the stronger these waves are felt. |
| pressure | the force being exerted on some part of Earth's structure due to gravity or the movement of its layers. |
| crust | The outermost layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor. The thinnest layer of the Earth. |
| basalt | A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust. |
| granite | the most abundant rock in the continental crust. |
| mantle | The thick layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core that has convection currents |
| Lithosphere | The crust and upper mantle of the Earth that is solid and rigid. |
| asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
| outer core | a layer of molten metal, mainly nickel and iron, that surrounds Earth’s inner core. |
| inner core | A solid sphere of iron and nickel at the center of the earth. |
| heat transfer | the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| radiation | Heat transport through empty space |
| conduction | Heat transport by direct contact of energy from one particle to another, without moving the particle to a new location. |
| convection | Heat transport by a heated fluid caused by a difference in temperature and density. |
| convection current | Heat movement in a fluid material.Responsible for the movement of the Earth's Plates. |
| density | The amount of mass in a given space. |
| continental drift | A theory that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past |
| Pangea | An extremely large landmass when all continents were connected together |
| fossil | The imprint or hardened remains of a plant or animal that lived long ago |
| deep-ocean trench | A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle |
| mid-ocean ridge | Giant undersea mountain range extending around the world like the seams of a baseball. |
| sonar | A system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects |
| seafloor spreading | the idea that the middle of the ocean is spreading apart, moving very slowly in opposite directions. |
| subduction | Process in which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent boundary |
| plate | A slab of Earth's lithosphere that can move around on the planet's surface |
| scientific theory | A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations about a particular scientific question. |
| plate tectonics | The movement of the earth’s upper mantle and crust. |
| fault | A break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another |
| transform boundary | Two plates sliding horizontally past each other. |
| divergent boundary | Place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart |
| rift valley | a deep valley that forms when two plates drift apart |
| convergent boundary | a boundary between lithospheric plates where the plates move toward one another and one plate is recycled into the mantle |
Created by:
girarddal10
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