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155 endocrine
155 endocrine vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hormones | natural chemicals that exert their effects on specific tissues known as target tissues |
| negative feedback mechanism | signals to an endocrine gland to secrete a hormone in response to a body change to cause a reaction that will result in actions to oppose the action of the initial condition change and restore homeostasis |
| target tissues | tissues that have receptors corresponding to different hormones that when bound to the hormones respond by changing their activity |
| acute adrenal insufficiency | a life-threatening event in which the need for cortisol and aldosterone is greater than the body's supply; adrenal crisis, addisonian crisis |
| diabetes insipidus | disorder of the posterior pituitary gland in which water loss is caused by either an antidiuretic hormone deficiency or an inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH |
| hyperaldosteronism | increased secretion of aldosterone with mineralocorticoid excess |
| hypercortisolism | the excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, causing many problems; Cushing's disease |
| hyperpituitarism | hormone oversecretion that occurs with anterior pituitary tumors or tissue hyperplasia |
| hypopituitarism | a deficiency of one and sometimes more than one pituitary hormone |
| SIADH | a problem in which ADH is secreted even when plasma osmolarity is low or normal, resulting in water retention and fluid overload |
| euthyroid | a condition of having normal or near normal thyroid function |
| exopthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyes |
| goiter | visibly enlarged thyroid gland |
| Graves disease | autoimmune disorder, often occurring after an episode of thyroid inflammation, in which the production of antibodies that attach to the TSH receptors on the thyroid greatly increases thyroid hormone production |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | autoimmune disorder in which infection and inflammation of the thyroid gland causes the production of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and tissues w/i the thyroid, which results in extensive tissue destruction and reduced hormone secretion |
| hyperparathyroidism | disorder in which parathyroid secretion of parathyroid hormone is increased, resulting in hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia |
| hyperthyroidism | excessive thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland |
| hypoparathyroidism | a rare disorder in which parathyroid function is decreased and serum calcium levels cannot be maintained |
| hypothyroidism | reduced or absent hormone secretion from the thyroid gland that results in whole body decreased metabolism from inadequate cellular regulation |
| myxedema coma | a serious complication of untreated or poorly treated hypothyroidism with dangerously reduced cardiopulmonary and neurologic functioning, although few affected adults become comatose |
| thyroid storm | a life-threatening event that occurs in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, most often with Graves disease |
| thyroiditis | an inflammation of the thyroid gland |
Created by:
mpvought
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