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Gr.12 biochem 3
enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Enzymes are ----- ---------- | protein catalysts |
| Enzymes are specific to a particular -------- | substrate |
| Substrates are also known as ------- | reactants |
| Enzyme names usually end in --- | ASE |
| The ------ is the reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chem reaction | substrate |
| Substrates bind to a region on the surface of enzymes known as the ---- ---- | active site |
| What is often formed in active sites? | Enzyme-substrate complex |
| The two models of active sites are lock and key model and the --------- ----- | induced fit model |
| True or False? Active site of Lock and Key models do not fit the substrate exactly | False |
| Induced fit model form ----------- enzymes | multifunctional |
| Enzymes lower ---------- ------ required. | activation energy |
| Activation energy is the energy required to ---- ---- a chemical reaction. | kick start |
| Enzymes speed up by -------- activation energy, while keeping the temperature ----- | decreasing, stable |
| Enzymes allow for more -------- and a greater number of products | collisions |
| True or False? Enzymes do not change the overall reaction | True |
| Enzyme -------- prevent enzymes from carrying out their function of catalyzing functions. There are two types. | inhibitors |
| The two types of enzyme inhibitors are ------- inhibitors and --- ------ inhibitors | competitive, non-competitive |
| Competitive inhibitors bind to the ------ ---- and block the normal substrate. | active site |
| Non-competitive inhibitors bind at an -------- ---- | allosteric site |
| Non-competitive substrates cause a ---------- ------ in the enzyme preventing the normal substrate from binding | conformation change |
| The two types of allosteric regulation include --------- and --------- | inhibition and activation |
| Activators make all active sites -------- by stabilizing its shape | available |
| What is the term for the following definition? The regulation of an enzyme by binding a molecule at a site other than the active site. | Allosteric regulation |
| --------- ---------- may bind to allosterically controlled enzymes to stabilize the inactive form of the enzyme. | Allosteric inhibitors |
| Feedback inhibition occurs when there is a sequence of chem reactions that are forming a ----- ------- at the end. | common product |
| -------- ----------- can inhibit an enzyme both competitivity and non-competitively | Feedback inhibition |
| When a product travels back and inhibits an earlier enzyme in a reaction, the pathway is interrupted and no ----- is made | product |
| Enzymes are -------- | proteins |
| The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is called the -------- ---------- (hint: what structure?) | primary structure |
| Enzymes are ----- to a substrate. | specific |
| Enzymes can be -------- since they are not used up in chemical reactions. | reused |
| Increasing substrate concentration increases -------- ------ | reaction rate |
| Substrate concentration will increase reaction rate until all enzymes are -----, to which the growth "flattens" | used |
| Increased enzyme concentration ------- reaction rate | increases |
| More heat = more ----- ------- | kinetic energy |
| Too high heat energy can cause ------- in the proteins. | denaturation |
| If enzymes have too high or too low pH, the H+ in acids or OH- in bases may --------- with the enzyme structure | interfere |
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