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POLYMERS
unit 1b biochem
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alkane | single bonded carbon |
| alkene | double bonded carbon |
| alkyne | triple bonded carbon |
| ketone | Oxygen double bonded to Carbon O=C |
| aldehyde | Oxygen double bonded to Carbon bonded to Hydrogen O=C-H |
| carboxylic acid | Oxygen double bonded to Carbon to Hydroxyl O=C-OH |
| hydroxyl | Oxygen bonded to Carbon O-H |
| phosphate | Phosphorus double bonded to O, bonded to O, bonded to 2 Hydroxyls O | O-P-OH \ OH |
| amine | Nitrogen single bonded to 2 Hydrogens N-H \ H |
| organic acid | Oxygen bonded to Carbon bonded to O bonded to H O=C-O-H |
| monomers | polymers are made of _____ |
| molecules | monomers is another name for small ____ |
| dehydration synthesis | cells link monomers by a process called condensation or removing a molecule of water |
| hydrolysis | cells break down macromolecules by adding water |
| 1:2:1 | carbohydrates ratio of Carbon to Hydrogen to Oxygen |
| isomers | same formula, different structure; ex: glucose, fructose galactose |
| cellular energy | carbohydrates function |
| monosaccharides | glucose, fructose and galactose are all |
| maltose | glucose + glucose makes |
| sucrose | glucose + fructose makes |
| lactose | glucose + galactose makes |
| short | carbohydrates are ___ term energy sources |
| disaccharides | sucrose, maltose, and lactose are all |
| 2 | disaccharides are made of _ monosaccharides |
| glycosidic | ___ bonds forms to make disaccharides |
| glycogen | example of polysaccharide in animals, stores excess sugar, made of glucose monomers |
| cellulose | found in wood and plants, AKA dietary fiber |
| starch | example of polysaccharide in plants, stored energy in things such as potatoes and grains |
| hydrophobic | lipids are ____ (in relation to water) |
| store, insulate, cushion | function of lipids |
| triglyceride | glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains |
| hydroxyl | functional group in carbohydrates |
| aldehyde | functional group in glucose & galactose |
| ketone | functional group in fructose |
| hydroxyl | functional group in glycerol |
| carboxylic acid | functional group in fatty acids |
| saturated | ____ fatty acid has the max # of Hydrogens bonded to Carbons |
| unsaturated | ____ fatty acid DO NOT have the max # of Hydrogens bonded to Carbons |
| saturated | lipids solid at room temp are ____ |
| unsaturated | lipids liquid at room temp are ____ |
| phospholipids | cell membranes are made of ____ |
| polar | phospholipids are polar or nonpolar? |
| 2 | phospholipids have _ tails |
| hydrophobic | phospholipid tails are ____ (relating to water) |
| hydrophilic | phospholipid heads are ____ (relating to water) |
| 4 | steroids structure are ____ fused rings |
| cholesterol | steroid that is the base |
| estrogen | steroid prominent in the female body |
| testosterone | steroid prominent in the male body |
| amine | functional group in amino acids |
| amino acids | monomer of proteins |
| work in cells | function of proteins |
| hair | example of structural protein |
| movement | example of contractile protein |
| legume | example of protein storage |
| hemoglobin | example of protein transport |
| enzymes | protein that lowers activation energy |
| active site | place where the enzyme and substrate meet |
| substrate | thing that reacts with enzymes |
| denature | when an enzyme loses its shape and function |
| genetic info | function of nucleic acids |
| hydroxyl | functional group on the 5 carbon sugar and phosphorus group in a nucleotide |
| amine | functional group that's in the nitrogen base in a nucleotide |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acid |
| carbon | molecule in the middle of a nucleotide; 5 ____ sugar |
| phosphorus group | part of nucleotide beginning with P |
| nitrogen base | part of a nucleotide with an amine group |
| deoxyribose | D in DNA |
| ribose | R in RNA |
| A,G,T,C | bases in DNA |
| A,G,U,C | bases in RNA |
| hydrogen | ____ bond bonds the 2 strands of DNA together |
| double | DNA is ____ stranded |
| single | RNA is ____ stranded |
| 3 | ATP has ___ phosphate groups |
| cellular energy | function of ATP is ____ |
| monosaccharides | monomer of carbohydrates |
| amino acids | monomer of proteins |
| peptide | ____ bonds form to link amino acids together |
Created by:
niya.777
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