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biology chp.1 + 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how do compounds differ from the element in them? | Compounds have chemical and physical properties that are different from the properties of the elements in them. |
| one several forms of a single element, each of which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons | Isotope |
| What three particles make up atoms? | Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the particles that make up atoms. |
| how are all of the isotopes of an element similar? | Isotopes of an element all have the same number of protons. |
| a negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus | electron |
| a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom | element |
| a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions | compound |
| a type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared | covalent bond |
| How does the structure of water led to its special properties? | water is polar so it can dissolve ionic compounds and other polar compounds |
| why is it important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in pH? | Buffers play an important role in keeping homeostasis in living things. |
| attraction between molecules of the same substance. | cohesion |
| mixture of water and nondissolved material | suspension |
| a compound that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7 | base |
| a compound that prevents sharp sudden changes in pH | buffer |
| What elements does carbon bond with to make up the molecules of living things? | Carbon bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen to form life's molecules. |
| What are the functions of lipids? | store energy + parts of membranes and waterproof coverings |
| What are the functions of nuclei acids? | store and transmit genetic information |
| a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; a type of nutrient that is the main source of energy for the body | carbohydate |
| a macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes | lipid |
| a macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus | nuclei acid |
| a macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen; needed for the body for growth and repair | protein |
| What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions? | During chemical reactions, some bonds are broken and other bonds are formed. |
| How do energy changes affect whether a chemical reaction will happen? | chemical reactions that give off energy often happen on their own. chemical reactions that take in energy will not happen without a source of energy. |
| the process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals | chemical reaction |
| the energy that is needed to get a reaction started | activation energy |
| a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical rxn | catalyst |
| a protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions | enzyme |
| What are the main kinds of chemical bonds? | ionic bonds and covalent bonds |
| basic unit of matter | atom |
| center of atom contains the protons and neutrons | nucleus |
| a chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another | ionic bond |
| the smallest unit of most compounds that display all the properties of that compound | molecule |
| the force of attraction between different kinds of molecules | adhesion |
| a type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed | solution |
| a compound that releases hydrogen ion (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7 | acid |
| What are the functions of carbohydrates? | provide energy and structural support for living things |
| What are the functions of proteins? | control cell processes and rate of rxn, form important parts in cells, move substance in or out of cells, help fight diseases |
| compound with amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end | amino acid |
| What role do enzymes play in living things and what affects their function? | speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. temp, pH, and other molecules can affect |
Created by:
xumin
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