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GCSE Classical Greek
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ἀγγελος | messenger |
| ἀγω | I lead |
| ἀκουω | I hear |
| βαινω | I go |
| βοη | shout |
| βουλη | plan, council |
| γη | earth |
| γραϕω | I write |
| διδασκαλος | teacher |
| διδασκω | I teach |
| διωκω | I chase |
| δουλος | slave |
| εἰρηνη | peace |
| εἰς | into |
| ἐπιστολη | letter |
| ἐχω | I have |
| ἡ | the(f. n.) |
| θεος | god |
| ἱππος | horse |
| κορη | girl |
| κωμη | village |
| λεγω | I say, I speak |
| λογος | word, reason story |
| νικη | victory |
| ξενος | stranger, foreigner |
| ὁ | the(m. n.) |
| οὐ ( οὐκ , οὐχ ) | not |
| παυω | I stop |
| ποταμος | river |
| προς | towards |
| πυλη | gate |
| στρατηγος | general |
| στρατος | army |
| συμμαχος | ally |
| την | the(f. a.) |
| τιμη | honour |
| τον | the(m. a.) |
| τρεχω | I run |
| ϕερω | I carry, I bring |
| ϕυλασσω | I guard |
| ϕωνη | voice |
| ἀγορα | agora, market-place, public square |
| ἀθλον | prize |
| ἀλλα | but |
| ἀνθρωπος | man, human being |
| ἀποκτεινω | I kill |
| βιος | life |
| δειπνον | dinner, meal |
| δεκα | ten |
| δενδρον | tree |
| δεσμωτηριον | prison |
| δημος | people, community |
| δωρον | gift |
| εἰμι | I am |
| ἐκκλησια | assembly |
| ἐργον | work, deed |
| ἑσπερα | evening |
| εὑρισκω | I find |
| ἡμερα | day |
| θανατος | death |
| θεα | goddess |
| θυρα | door |
| ἱερον | temple |
| και | and |
| κινδυνος | danger |
| λαμβανω | I take |
| λειπω | I leave |
| λυω | I release, I untie |
| μανθανω | I learn |
| μενω | I stay, I remain |
| ναυμαχια | sea-battle |
| ναυτικον | fleet |
| νομος | law, custom |
| οἰκια | house |
| ὁπλα | arms, weapons |
| πεμπω | I send |
| πεντε | five |
| πλοιον | boat |
| πολεμος | war |
| σοϕια | wisdom |
| στρατοπεδον | camp |
| τασσω | I draw up, I arrange |
| τε * . . . και | both . . . and |
| ϕευγω | I flee, I run away |
| ϕιλος | friend |
| ϕοβος | fear |
| χρονος | time |
| χωρα | land, country |
| ὡρα | hour |
| ἀγαθος -η -oν | good |
| ἀει | always |
| Ἀθηναιος -α -oν | Athenian |
| ἀνδρειος -α -ον | brave |
| ἀπο | from (+gen) |
| ἀποθνῃσκω | I die |
| ἀρα; | Is it? |
| γαρ | for |
| γιγνωσκω | I get to know, I realise, I understand |
| δε | but, and |
| δεινος -η -ον | strange, terrible |
| διοτι | because |
| ἐθελω | I wish, I am willing |
| ἐκ (ἐξ) | out of (+gen) |
| ἐκει | there |
| ἐλευθερος -α -ον | free |
| ἐν | in (+dat) |
| ἐνθαδε | here |
| ἐχθρος -α -ον | hostile |
| θαυμαζω | I am amazed (at), I admire |
| κακος -η -ον | bad |
| καλος -η -ον | fine, beautiful |
| κελευω | I order |
| μεν. . . δε | one the one hand... |
| μεντοι | however |
| μικρος -α -ον | small |
| νεος -α -ον | new |
| νυν | now |
| οὐν | therefore |
| παρεχω | I produce, I provide |
| πειθω | I persuade |
| πιστευω | I trust, I believe |
| πολλακις | often |
| ποτε; | when? |
| που; | where? |
| προτερον | before, previously |
| πως; | how? |
| σοϕος -η -ον | wise, clever |
| χαλεπος -η -ον | difficult, dangerous |
| ὠ | O |
| ἀγω ἠγαγον | I lead |
| ἀποβαλλω ἀπεβαλον | I throw away |
| βαλλω ἐβαλον | I throw |
| βιβλος -ου ἡ | book |
| γραϕω ἐγραψα | I write |
| διδασκω ἐδιδαξα | I teach |
| διωκω ἐδιωξα | I chase |
| δυο | two |
| εἰσπιπτω εἰσεπεσον | I fall into |
| ἐκβαινω | I go out |
| ἐκτρεχω ἐξεδραμον | I run out |
| ἐξαγω ἐξηγαγον | I lead out |
| ἐπει | when, since |
| ἐπειτα | then, next |
| ἐσθιω ἐϕαγον | I eat |
| εὑρισκω ηὑρον | I find |
| ἐχω ἐσχον | I have |
| θαλασσα -ης ἡ | sea |
| κελευω ἐκελευσα | order |
| κριτης -ου ὁ | judge |
| λαμβανω ἐλαβον | I take |
| λεγω (ἐλεξα or ) εἰπον | I say, speak |
| λειπω ἐλιπον | I leave |
| λυω ἐλυσα | I release, untie |
| μανθανω ἐμαθον | I learn |
| μεγιστος -η -ον | very great, very big |
| μετα | after |
| μυθος -ου ὁ | story (myth, fable) |
| ναυτης -ου ὁ | sailor |
| νεανιας -ου ὁ | young man |
| νησος -ου ἡ | island |
| νοσος -ου ἡ | disease, illness |
| ὁδος -ου ἡ | road, way |
| πασχω ἐπαθον | I suffer |
| πειθω ἐπεισα | I persuade |
| πεμπω ἐπεμψα | I send |
| πιπτω ἐπεσον | I fall |
| πιστευω ἐπιστευσα | I trust, believe |
| ποιητης -ου ὁ | poet |
| πολιτης -ου ὁ | citizen |
| προσαγω προσηγαγον | I lead to(wards) |
| προσβαινω | I go to(wards) |
| προσπεμπω προσεπεμψα | I send to(wards) |
| προστρεχω προσεδραμον | I run to(wards) |
| πρωτον | first, at first |
| στρατιωτης -ου ὁ | soldier |
| τρεχω ἐδραμον | I run |
| ϕευγω ἐϕυγον | I run away |
| ϕυλασσω ἐϕυλαξα | I guard |
| χρήσιμος -η -ον | useful |
| ὡς | as |
| ἀγρός -οῦ ὁ | field |
| ἀγών -ῶνος ὁ | contest |
| ἄλλος -η -ο | other, another |
| ἄνεμος -ου ὁ | wind |
| ἄρχων -οντος ὁ | ruler, magistrate |
| βλάπτω ἔβλαψα | I harm, I damage |
| γέρων -οντος ὁ | old man |
| γίγας -αντος ὁ | giant |
| διά | (+acc) on account of, (+gen) through |
| διὰ τί | why |
| ἐγώ | I |
| εἶδον | I saw |
| ἕκαστος -η -ον | each |
| ἐμβάλλω ἐνέβαλον | I throw in, I trust in |
| ἐμός -ή -όν | my |
| ἔτι | still, yet |
| ἕτοιμος -η -ον | ready |
| κάλλιστος -η -ον | very fine, very beautiful |
| κλέπτω ἔκλεψα | I steal |
| κωλύω ἐκώλυσα | I hinder |
| λίθος -ου ὁ | stone |
| λιμήν -ένος ὁ | harbour |
| μετά | (+gen) with |
| μόνον | only |
| μόνος -η -ον | only, alone |
| μῶρος -α -ον | foolish, stupid |
| νύξ νυκτός ἡ | night |
| οἶνος -ου ὁ | wine |
| οἷός τ ’ εἰμί | I am able |
| ὀλίγοι -αι -α | few |
| ὄνομα -ατος τό | name |
| παῖς παιδός ὁ / ἡ | child, boy, girl |
| πάρειμι imperfect παρῆν | I am here, I am present |
| πίνω ἔπιον | I drink |
| πόθεν ; | where from? |
| πολλοί -αί -ά | many |
| πούς ποδός ὁ | foot |
| πῦρ πυρός τό | fire |
| σός σή σόν | your |
| σύ | you |
| σῶμα -ατος τό | body |
| τίς ; τί ; | who? what? which? |
| τις τι | a (certain), someone, something |
| ὕπνος -ου ὁ | sleep |
| ϕύλαξ -ακος ὁ | guard |
| ἀγγέλλω ἤγγειλα | I report, I announce |
| αὖθις | again |
| αὐτός -ή -ό | self, same, him/her/it |
| εἶναι | to be |
| εὐθύς | immediately |
| ἐχθρός -οῦ ὁ | (personal) enemy |
| Ζεύς Διός ὁ | Zeus |
| ἦλθον | I came, I went |
| ἡμεῖς | we |
| ἡμέτερος -α -ον | our |
| θάπτω ἔθαψα | I bury |
| καίπερ | although, despite (being) + participle |
| μάχη -ης ἡ | battle |
| νεκρός -οῦ ὁ | corpse, dead body |
| ὀλίγος -η -ον | a little, a small amount (of) |
| οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν ( οὐδεν- ) | no one, nothing, no (not any) |
| πάλαι | long ago, in the past |
| παρασκευάζω παρεσκεύασα | I prepare, I get (something) ready |
| πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν ( παντ- ) | all, every |
| περί | (+gen) about, concerning |
| πολέμιοι -ων οἱ | enemy (in war) |
| συλλέγω συνέλεξα | I collect, I gather |
| τέλος | finally |
| τόπος -ου ὁ | place |
| ὕδωρ -ατος τό | water |
| ὑμεῖς | you (pl.) |
| ὑμέτερος -α -ον | your (pl.) |
| χρήματα -ων τά | money |
| ὡς | (+ future participle) in order to, (+ present/aorist participle) as, since, because, on the ground |
| εἷς μία ἕν ( ἑν- ) | one |
| δύο | two |
| τρεῖς τρία | three |
| τέσσαρες τέσσαρα | four |
| πέντε | five |
| ἕξ | six |
| ἑπτά | seven |
| ὀκτώ | eight |
| ἐννέα | nine |
| δέκα | ten |
| πρῶτος -η -ον | first |
| δεύτερος -α -ον | second |
| τρίτος -η -ον | third |
| τέταρτος -η -ον | fourth |
| πέμπτος -η -ον | fifth |
| Ἀθῆναι -ῶν αἱ | Athens |
| αἰχμάλωτος -ου ὁ | prisoners (of war) |
| ἀναγκάζω ἠνάγκασα | I force, I compel |
| ἀνήρ ἀνδρός ὁ | man, male, husband |
| ἄξιος -α -ον | worthy, deserving of (+gen) |
| βάρβαροι -ων οἱ | foreigners, non-Greeks, barbarians |
| γυνή γυναικός ἡ | woman, wife |
| δακρύω ἐδάκρυσα | I cry, I weep |
| δεσπότης -ου ὁ | master |
| δή | indeed |
| διαϕθείρω διέϕθειρα | I destroy, I corrupt |
| δίκαιος -α -ον | just, right |
| εἰ | if |
| ἐκεῖνος -η -ο | that |
| ἔνοικος -ου ὁ | inhabitant |
| εὖ | well |
| ἔϕη | he/she said |
| ἤ | or, than |
| θυγάτηρ -τρος ἡ | daughter |
| ἰατρός -οῦ ὁ | doctor |
| ἱερός -ά -όν | holy, sacred |
| ἰσχυρός -ά -όν | strong |
| καθίζω ἐκάθισα | I sit |
| καίω ἔκαυσα | I burn |
| κεϕαλή -ῆς ἡ | head |
| κολάζω ἐκόλασα | I punish |
| κρύπτω ἔκρυψα | I hide |
| Λακεδαιμόνιοι -ων οἱ | Spartans |
| μᾶλλον | more, rather (adv) |
| μήτηρ -τρός ἡ | mother |
| ὅδε ἥδε τόδε | this (implying here, near me), the following |
| ὅς ἥ ὅ | who, which |
| οὐρανός -οῦ ὁ | sky, heaven |
| οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο | this |
| οὕτω(ς) | so, to such an extent, thus, in this way |
| πατήρ -τρός ὁ | father |
| πιστός -ή -όν | trustworthy, faithful |
| πλούσιος -α -ον | rich, wealthy |
| πράσσω ἔπραξα | I do, I fare |
| σιγή -ῆς ἡ | silence |
| σιγῇ | silently, in silence |
| σῖτος -ου ὁ | food |
| σῴζω ἔσωσα | I save |
| τοιοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτο | such, of such a kind |
| τοσοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτο | so great, so big |
| τοσοῦτοι -αῦται -αῦτα | so many |
| εἰς τοσοῦτον | to such an extent |
| υἱός -οῦ ὁ | son |
| ὕλη -ης ἡ | wood, forest |
| ὑπό | (+gen) by (agent with passive verb) |
| ὑψηλός -ή -όν | high |
| χείρ χειρός ἡ | hand |
| χρυσός -οῦ ὁ | gold |
| ὥστε | (with the result) that |
| ἀδικέω ἠδίκησα | I do wrong (to), I act unjustly (towards) |
| ἄδικος -ον | unjust |
| αἱρέω εἷλον | I take |
| αἰτέω ᾔτησα | I ask for, I beg |
| ἀληθής -ές | true |
| ἀναχωρέω ἀνεχώρησα | I withdraw, I retreat |
| ἀσθενής -ές | weak |
| ἀσπίς -ίδος ἡ | shield |
| ἀσϕαλής -ές | safe |
| ἀϕικνέομαι ἀϕικόμην | I arrive |
| βασιλεύς -έως ὁ | king |
| βοηθέω ἐβοήθησα | I help, I run to help (+dat) |
| βραδύς -εῖα -ύ | slow |
| δεῖ ἐδέησε | it is necessary (+acc +inf) |
| δοκεῖ ἔδοξε(ν) | it seems good to X, X decides |
| δυστυχής -ές | unlucky, unfortunate |
| ἔξεστι(ν) imperfect ἐξῆν | it is possible (+dat and/or +inf) |
| ἔτος -ους τό | year |
| εὐρύς -εῖα -ύ | broad, wide |
| εὐτυχής -ές | lucky, fortunate |
| ζητέω ἐζήτησα | I seek |
| ἡδύς -εῖα -ύ | sweet, pleasant |
| ἡδέως | sweetly, gladly |
| ἱππεύς -έως ὁ | horseman, pl cavalry |
| ἰχθύς -ύος ὁ | fish |
| αἰσθάνομαι ᾐσθόμην | I notice, I perceive |
| ἀποκρίνομαι ἀπεκρινάμην | I answer, I reply |
| ἄριστος -η -ον | best, very good |
| ἀρχή -ῆς ἡ | rule, empire; beginning |
| ἄρχω ἦρξα | I rule (+gen) |
| ἄρχομαι ἠρξάμην | I begin |
| βία -ας ἡ | force, violence |
| βούλομαι ἐβουλήθην | I wish, I want |
| γε | at least, at any rate |
| γίγνομαι ἐγενόμην | I become, I happen |
| γλῶσσα -ης ἡ | tongue; language |
| δέχομαι ἐδεξάμην | I receive |
| ἑαυτόν ἑαυτήν ἑαυτό | himself, herself, itself |
| εἶμι | I shall go |
| ἰέναι | to go |
| ἰών ἰοῦσα ἰόν (ἰοντ-) | going |
| ἐλπίζω ἤλπισα | I hope (+fut inf) |
| ἐμαυτόν ἐμαυτήν | myself |
| pl ἡμᾶς αὐτούς, ἡμᾶς αὐτάς | ourselves |
| ἕπομαι ἑσπόμην | I follow (+dat) |
| ἔρχομαι (fut εἶμι) ἦλθον | I come, I go |
| ἕως | while; until |
| ἤ … ἤ | either...or |
| ἡγεμών -όνος ὁ | leader |
| ἤδη | already |
| θύω ἔθυσα | I sacrifice |
| κάκιστος -η -ον | worst, very bad |
| λάθρᾳ | secretly |
| μάχομαι ἐμαχεσάμην | I fight |
| μέλλω | I am about to, I intend to (+fut inf) |
| ὀργίζομαι ὠργίσθην | I get angry |
| ὅτι | that |
| οὐ μόνον … ἀλλὰ καί | not only...but also |
| οὐδέποτε | never |
| οὔτε … οὔτε | neither...nor |
| παύομαι ἐπαυσάμην | I cease, I stop myself |
| πείθομαι ἐπιθόμην | I obey (+ dat) |
| πορεύομαι ἐπορεύθην | I march, I travel |
| προσβάλλω προσέβαλον | I attack (+ dat) |
| πυνθάνομαι ἐπυθόμην | I enquire, I learn by enquiry |
| σεαυτόν σεαυτήν | yourself (reflexive) |
| ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, ὑμᾶς αὐτάς | yourselves (reflexive) |
| στρατιά -ᾶς ἡ | army |
| συμϕορά -ᾶς ἡ | disaster |
| τότε | then, at that time |
| τύχη -ης ἡ | luck (good or bad), chance |
| ὕστερον | later |
| ϕαίνομαι ἐϕάνην | I appear, I seem |
| χειμών -ῶνος ὁ | storm; winter |
| καλέω ἐκάλεσα | I call, I invite |
| κόπτω ἔκοψα | I cut, I cut down |
| μέγας μεγάλη μέγα (μεγαλ-) | great, big |
| μή | no |
| μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν (μηδεν-) | no one, nothing, not any |
| μηδέποτε | nowhere |
| μήτε … μήτε | neither...nor |
| μισέω ἐμίσησα | I hate |
| ναῦς νεώς ἡ | ship |
| ξίϕος -ους τό | sword |
| οἰκέω ᾤκησα | I live (in), I dwell |
| ὄρος -ους τό | mountain |
| πλέω ἔπλευσα | I sail |
| ποιέω ἐποίησα | I make, I do, I treat (+adv and acc) |
| πόλις -εως ἡ | city |
| πολύς πολλή πολύ (πολλ-) | much |
| πολλοί -αί -ά | many |
| ταχύς -εῖα -ύ | quick, swift |
| τεῖχος -ους τό | wall |
| ὑπισχνέομαι ὑπεσχόμην | I promise |
| ϕιλέω ἐϕίλησα | I love, I like; I am accustomed |
| ϕοβέομαι ἐϕοβήθην | I fear, I am afraid of |
| ϕονεύω ἐϕόνευσα | I murder, I kill |
| χρή imperfect (ἐ)χρῆν | it is necessary |
| αἰσχρός -ά -όν | shameful |
| αἴτιος -α -ον | to blame (for), responsible (for) (+gen) |
| ἀμείνων -ον (ἀμεινον-) | better |
| ἀνά | up (+acc) |
| ἄνευ | without (+gen) |
| βοάω ἐβόησα | I shout |
| γελάω ἐγέλασα | I laugh |
| δι’ ὀλίγου | after a short time, soon |
| (δίδωμι) fut δώσω aor ἔδωκα | I give |
| εἰσβάλλω εἰσέβαλον | I throw into; I invade |
| ἐκϕεύγω ἐξέϕυγον | I escape |
| ἐλάσσων -ον (ἐλασσον-) | less, weaker, inferior |
| pl ἐλάσσονες -α (ἐλασσον-) | fewer |
| ἐλάχιστος -η -ον | least, very little (of), weakest |
| pl ἐλάχιστοι -αι -α | fewest |
| Ἑλλάς -άδος ἡ | Greece |
| Ἕλλην -ηνος ὁ | Greek, Greek man |
| ἐπί | (+acc) against, onto, on, at |
| ἐρωτάω ἠρώτησα or ἠρόμην | I ask (a question) |
| θάσσων -ον (θασσον-) | quicker, swifter |
| καθεύδω imperfect ἐκάθευδον or καθηῦδον | I sleep |
| κακίων -ον (κακιον-) | worse |
| κατά | (+acc) according to, by, down along; (+gen) down, down from |
| κατὰ γῆν | by land |
| κατὰ θάλασσαν | by sea |
| κτάομαι ἐκτησάμην | I obtain, I acquire |
| μάλιστα | especially, most of all (adv) |
| μείζων -ον (μειζον-) | greater, bigger |
| νικάω ἐνίκησα | I conquer, I win |
| νομίζω ἐνόμισα | I think, I consider |
| οἶδα | I know |
| ὁράω εἶδον | I see |
| οὐκέτι | no longer |
| παρά | (+acc) contrary to, along, to; (+gen) from (a person) |
| πειράομαι ἐπειράθην | I try |
| περί | (+acc) around; (+gen) about, concerning |
| πλείων -ον (πλειον-) | more (of) |
| pl πλείονες -α | more |
| πλεῖστος -η -ον | very much (of), very great |
| pl πλεῖστοι -αι -α | most, very many |
| πλήν | except (+gen) |
| ποῖ; | where to? |
| ποῖος; -α; -ον; | what sort of? |
| πόσος; -η; -ον; | how big? |
| pl πόσοι; -αι; -α; | how many? |
| πρό | before, in front of (+gen) |
| ῥά˛διος -α -ον | easy |
| τάχιστος -η -ον | faster, very quick |
| ὡς τάχιστα | as quickly as possible |
| τιμάω ἐτίμησα | I honour |
| ὑπέρ | (+gen) on behalf of |
| ϕημί imperfect ἔϕην | I say |
| χράομαι ἐχρησάμην | I use (+dat) |
| ἄν | (makes clause indefinite or conditional e.g. would) |
| ἐάν | if (a combination of εἰ and ἄν) |
| ἵνα | in order to, so that (introducing purpose clause) |
Created by:
IsaJameela
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