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Exam 5 (Ch 23-27)
Maternity Peds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two main functions of the ear | hearing and balance |
| Why are infants more susceptible to ear infections | Eustuation tubes are shorter, wider, and straighter |
| Where are the ear infections common in early childhood | middle ear |
| What is otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| How long are antibiotics for ear infections | 10 days |
| What treatments are used for otitis media | oral antibiotics and myringotomy |
| Congenital hearing loss | born with hearing loss |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | cochlear and acoustic nerve damage |
| Conductive hearing loss | Tympanic membrane prevents sound |
| Newborn visual acuity | 20/400 |
| Toddler visual acuity | 20/40-20/30 |
| School age visual acuity | 20/20 |
| Amblyopia | lazy eye |
| How does the patching help amblyopia | patching the strong eye to make lazy eye work harder |
| Hyperopia | fare sighted |
| myopia | nearsighted |
| Strabismus | cross eyes |
| What is cross eyed | Lack of coordination between the eye muscles and that direct movement of the eye |
| Conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| What is conjunctivitis commonly called | pink eye |
| How long is conjunctivitis contagious | 24 hours after treatment is started |
| Reye's syndrome | Acute non-inflammatory encephalopathy and hepatopathy that follows viral infection |
| Causes of Reye's syndrome | Aspirin, genetic defect |
| Education about reye's syndrome | Do not give aspirin containing products to children with flu like symptoms |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges |
| Where are the meninges | spinal cord |
| What is the main cause of meningitis in newborns | Group strep B |
| How is meningitis prevented in newborns | Test mom for group strep B prior to delivery |
| Kernig's sign | sign of meningitis; positive when the leg is fully bent at the hip and knee, and subsequent extension of the knee leads to pain |
| Brudzinski'z sign | Sign of meningitis; positive when a patient's legs lift involuntarily when lifting a patients head |
| How is meningitis diagnosed | spinal tap/lumbar puncture |
| Treatment for meningitis | IV antibiotic therapy for 10-21 days |
| Does meningitis need isolation | for 24 hours |
| Tonic movement | stiffening (contraction) of muscles |
| Clonic movement | alternating contractions and relaxation of muscles |
| Generalized seizures | loss of conciousness |
| 3 stages of tonic-clonic seizures | 1.Aura 2.tonic-clonic 3.postictal lethargy |
| Febrile seizures | response to sudden rise in temperature |
| What age is febrile seizures common | 6 months- 5 years |
| Absence seizure | a small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds |
| Important supplementing for dilantin users | Folic acids and vitamin D |
| What is a serious side effect of dilantin use | gum hyperplasia |
| How to prevent gum hyperplasia | good oral hygiene and massaging gums |
| When is a seizure a medical emergency | lasting more than 5 minutes |
| What is a concerning factor of seizures | body using up all the glucose |
| What is cerebral palsy caused by | lesions in the various motor centers of the fetal brain |
| How is cerebral palsy acquired | Shaken baby syndrome, meningitis, encephalitis |
| What genetic causes of cerebral palsy | existing prenatal brain abnormalities exposure to maternal chorioamnionitis (infection) in utero prematurity severe hypoglycemia |
| Spastic cerebral palsy | spasms occur with movement |
| Athetoid (dyskinetic) cerebral palsy | continuous involuntary writhing movements |
| What is athetoid cerebral palsy associated with | hyperbilirubinemia |
| Ataxic cerebral palsy | uncoordinated movements and ataxia from a lesion in the cerebellum |
| Mixed cerebral palsy | combination of spastic and athetoid |
| Simple fracture | bone is broken, skin is intact |
| Compound fracture | bone and skin broken |
| greenstick fracture | incomplete fracture- one side broken other side bent |
| spiral fracture | forceful twisting of bone |
| Osteomyelitis | infections of the bone |
| What causes 50% of osteomyelitis | MRSA |
| How is osteomyelitis treated | 4-6 weeks of antibiotics |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | childhood form of progressive muscle degeneration disorder |
| How common is duchenne's muscular dystrophy | 1 in 5000 births |
| Who does duchenne's muscular dystrophy affect | boys (y- dominant gene) |
| Scoliosis | S-shaped curvature of the spine |
| Who is scoliosis most common in | girls |
| Who does the milwaukee brace work for | scoliosis curvatures 20-40 degrees |
| How often should the milwaukee brace be worn | 16-23 hours a day |
| Important education with milwaukee brace | worn OVER shirt |
| Who qualifies for spinal fusion | scoliosis with 45 degree or greater curvature |
| Parenteral stress child abuse | overwhelmed, uneducated, substance abuse |
| Social stress child abuse | poverty, unemployment, dysfunctional family |
| Child stress child abuse | disabled, temperamental, hyperactive, foster child or step child |
| Bruise day 1-2 | swollen and tender |
| Bruise day 2-5 | red or purple |
| Bruise day 5-7 | green |
| Bruise day 7-10 | yellow |
| Bruise day 10-14 | brown |
| Bruise day 14-28 | clear/gone |
| When does a child's gait resemble an adult | age 6 |
| Sinusitis | Acute upper respiratory infection lasting longer than 10 days |
| Croup | barking cough, inspiratory stridor |
| Pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs |
| Pneumonia signs | alveoli become filled with exudate |
| Epiglotitis is caused by | Haemophilus influenza type B |
| Who is epiglotitis most common in | age 3-6 |
| Signs of epiglotitis | abrupt onset, insists on sitting up and leaning forward, drooling |
| Treatment for epiglotitis | immediate intubation |
| Bronchiolitis | acute viral illness causing inflammation at the bronchiolar level |
| Common age affected by bronchiolitis | 6 months - 2 years |
| What is bronchiolitis caused by | RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) |
| What is the number one cause of children hospitalization under the age of one | RSV |
| First symptoms of bronchiolitis | Rhinorrhea and low-grade fever and cough |
| Signs of tonsilitis | difficulty swallowing and breathing |
| Signs of adenoiditis | mouth breathing |
| Post op care for T&A food related | nothing red, no milk |
| Asthma | chronic inflammatory disorder of airways the results in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles |
| When does asthma commonly present | age 4-5 |
| Cystic fibrosis | Autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased viscosity of mucous secretions |
| How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed | sweat chloride test |
| What is the normal level of a swear chloride test | 40-60 |
| Respiratory effects from cystic fibrosis | obstruction of airway, causing difficulty of breathing |
| Digestive effects from cystic fibrosis | bulky, frothy, foul smelling stools |
| Diet required for cystic fibrosis | high calorie, high protein, digestive supplemt |
| Meconium ileus | intestines of infant becomes obstructed with abnormally thick meconium in utero |
| Cystic fibrosis supplements | fat soluble vitamins, iron and zinc |
| How often should cystic fibrosis take dietary supplements | every time they eat |
| Right sided heart failure | backup of blood into systemic venous system |
| Left sided heart failure | backup of blood into the lungs |
| When should digoxin be held and the provider notified for pediatrics | heart rate below 100 bpm |
| Most common sign seen in infants with heart failrue | FTT and difficulty feeding |
| Common age for iron deficiency anemia | 9-24 months |
Created by:
morganwipf
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