State the ways to determine Time of Death.

Internal body temperature, Rigor mortis, decomposition or Forensic Entomology.

What factors affect post-mortem cooling?

Body size/ position, clothing, air movement, humidity, ambient temperature.

Why does Rigor Mortis occur?

Muscle cells become deprived of Oxygen, begin to respire anaerobically to produce lactic acid, as a result pH falls. ATP production stops, muscle proteins become fixed in place and can no longer slide over each other so muscle cannot move.

Which muscles often stiffen first during Rigor Mortis?

Smaller muscles, eg the ones found in the face and hands.

What is forensic Entomology?

The study of the life cycle of insects colonising a corpse in order to determine time of death.

What conditions affect an insect's life cycle?

Drugs, humidity, oxygen and temperature.

How does entomology help to determine a time of Death?

Types of insects colonising the body, stage of life cycle of the insect, determining age of the maggots to estimate when eggs were laid.

Why do the insects on a corpse change over time?

Each species of insect changes the conditions of the body, changes to bacterial conditions make the body more suitable for different of insects - succession. Some insect feed on other insects.

What conditions affect the rate of decomposition?

Temperature and oxygen availability- hi temps speed decomp as enzyme activity increases. Intense heat denatures enzymes involved in autolysis- delaying decay.

What can increase the rate of rigor mortis onset?

Presence of drugs, physical activity before death, high temperatures and degree of muscle development.

Difference between succession in a dead body and plant succession?

Most of the early insects will remain on the body as the other insects colonise it.

Define succession (in terms of Topic 6)

The types of organisms found in a dead body change over time, going through stages.

The break down of bodily cells by the body's own enzymes from the digestive tract.

What are the first signs of decomposition (putrefaction)?

Greenish discolouration of the skin of the lower abdomen due to formation of sulphemoglobin in the blood. This spread across the body and darkens to a reddish green then to purple black.

Why does the dead body smell and become bloated?

The action of Bacteria and gases including CO2, CH4, NH3 and H2S form in the intestines and tissue.

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Knowledge Q T.6

Biology topic 6 knowledge questions- Time of Death

Question	Answer
State the ways to determine Time of Death.	Internal body temperature, Rigor mortis, decomposition or Forensic Entomology.
What is normal Core Body Temperature?	Around 37°C.
Body Cooling follows the...	... Sigmoid Curve.
What factors affect post-mortem cooling?	Body size/ position, clothing, air movement, humidity, ambient temperature.
Why does Rigor Mortis occur?	Muscle cells become deprived of Oxygen, begin to respire anaerobically to produce lactic acid, as a result pH falls. ATP production stops, muscle proteins become fixed in place and can no longer slide over each other so muscle cannot move.
Which muscles often stiffen first during Rigor Mortis?	Smaller muscles, eg the ones found in the face and hands.
What is forensic Entomology?	The study of the life cycle of insects colonising a corpse in order to determine time of death.
What conditions affect an insect's life cycle?	Drugs, humidity, oxygen and temperature.
How does entomology help to determine a time of Death?	Types of insects colonising the body, stage of life cycle of the insect, determining age of the maggots to estimate when eggs were laid.
Why do the insects on a corpse change over time?	Each species of insect changes the conditions of the body, changes to bacterial conditions make the body more suitable for different of insects - succession. Some insect feed on other insects.
What conditions affect the rate of decomposition?	Temperature and oxygen availability- hi temps speed decomp as enzyme activity increases. Intense heat denatures enzymes involved in autolysis- delaying decay.
What can increase the rate of rigor mortis onset?	Presence of drugs, physical activity before death, high temperatures and degree of muscle development.
What are bacterial cell walls made of?	Peptidoglycan.
Difference between succession in a dead body and plant succession?	Most of the early insects will remain on the body as the other insects colonise it.
Define succession (in terms of Topic 6)	The types of organisms found in a dead body change over time, going through stages.
What is autolysis?	The break down of bodily cells by the body's own enzymes from the digestive tract.
What are the first signs of decomposition (putrefaction)?	Greenish discolouration of the skin of the lower abdomen due to formation of sulphemoglobin in the blood. This spread across the body and darkens to a reddish green then to purple black.
Why does the dead body smell and become bloated?	The action of Bacteria and gases including CO2, CH4, NH3 and H2S form in the intestines and tissue.

Created by: zeedadoll

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