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2022 Sci 8 Ch. 6

Earthquakes

TermDefinition
Seismometer An instrument that measures earthquake waves
earthquake Any shaking of the earth
stress A force exerted inside a material
compression A contact force that acts to squeeze or crush an object or substance
tension Force that act to pull an object apart
shear Force acting in opposite directions on different parts of the same object
Buoyant An upward force on a less dense object in a denser material
Divergent Boundaries where the plate sections are moving apart
Convergent Boundaries where the plates are moving towards each other
Joint Crack in a rock
fault When the sections of a rock on opposite sides of the crack move relative to each other
strike Helps determine the direction of a fault
dip Angle of a fault down from the horizontal
Dipslip A fault where the fault’s motion is parallel to its dip
Strikeslip A fault where the only motion along the fault is horizontal
Pwaves First, “Primary” waves
Swaves Second waves, can’t pass through liquids
Surfacewaves Most destructive waves
focus Center of earthquake’s activity, deep underground
epicenter Spot on earth’s surface directly above the focus
RichterScale Strengths of earthquakes are reported using this
magnitude Indicates energy released by the earth movement
intensity Measure of how much damage actually results from an earthquake
Popular Earth Science sets

 



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