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Biology Genetics tst
Mr berkans class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Karyotype- explain what is it. | ~ map of human genotype ~ Shows distinctive binding pattern and centromere position ~ organizing chromosomes with matching pairs to determine abnormalities in the chromosome pairing ~ |
| What is 'goal' of DNA? | Self replicate, make genetic continuity possible and make direct formation of other cell compounds |
| What is the diploid number of human Chromosomes? | 46 |
| How many homologous pairs of chromosomes does does human have? | 23 |
| How many chromosomes come from mother? Father? | 23 (1 homolog from mom one from dad) |
| Are traits determined by number of chromosomes or info on them? | Number |
| How do scientists study chromosomes? | They multiply them, treat them with colchicine that stops mitosis at metaphase, and then fix cells (kill them without damaging the chromosomes), and then stain them and prepare for examination |
| How do chromosomes differ? | Length, shape, size, binding pattern, knobs and constrictions |
| What did Morgan study | Fruit flies |
| Who determines the sex of the baby? | Daddy |
| Why do boys get genetically inherited diseases more often? | because they have both X and Y chromosome.Gene on X chromosome has no matching allele on the Y chromosome. Therefore any gene, dominant or recessive is expressed in males |
| non-virulent | can not cause disease |
| virulent | causes disease |
| Watson-Crick model | DNA structure ~ double helix ~ Twisted ladder |
| DNA made out of: | Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous bases and hydrogen |
| A | adenine |
| C | cytosine |
| G | Guanine |
| T | thymine |
| A connects w | T |
| C connects with | G |
| Replication | ~ ability of DNA to produce a copy of itself ~ Hydrogen bonds break apart, produce half ladders or strands of DNA |
| What directs development of cytoplasm | Nucleus |
| Transcription | ~ process of unzipping segment of DNA, presents the coding unit, protein determined ~ Produces mRNA ~ |
| Translation | ~ Process of protein synthesis, ~ formation of protein from the instructions from mRNA molecule at the Ribosome |
| What is mutation? | are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genome and are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic chemicals, as well as errors that occur during meiosis or DNA replication |
| Mutagen | any factor that can cause mutation |
| Example of a mutagenic agent: | radiation, |
| protein synthesis | assembly of amino acids into proteins in a cellbased on instructions encoded in DNA molecule |
| Why is somatic cell mutation less serious than mutation in gonads? | 1) may produce an entire organism 2) may be passed on to offspring |
| congenital defects | ~ clinical health problems visible at birth ~ caused by mutations of the genes |
| teratogens | enviromental agents |
Created by:
vanillalover13
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