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Unit 1 Section 3
Basics of Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell membrane/ Plasma Membrane | Structure: Animal outside layer, semi-permeable Function: Controls what can go in and out of the cell Found In: Plants and Animals |
| cell wall | Structure: Stiff, hard outside, made out of cellulose Function: Protection, provides structure, allows items like water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc. into cell Found In: Plant |
| chloroplast | Structure: Float in the cytoplasm and are green Function: Filled with chlorophyll and take light energy and turn it into sugar through photosynthesis Found In: Plants and some bacteria and fungi |
| cilia | hairlike structure that allows an organism to move, filter particles and to grab things. |
| cytoplasm | Structure: Jelly-like fluid inside of cell Function: Holds everything in the cell and gives shape to cell Found In: Plants and Animals |
| endosymbiotic theory | A theory that states that certain organelles were once cells that joined with other cells for the benefit of each other. This is what scientists believe regarding mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells. |
| eukaryotic | -Have a nucleus -Have membrane based organelles -examples: plant cells, animal cells, some single celled organisms |
| flagellum | hairlike structure that allows an organism to move. |
| Golgi apparatus | Structure: Looks like a stack of pancakes, in cytoplasm “packaging center” Function: Process items for their final jobs and transports items to next destination and stores items Found In: Plants and Animals |
| lysosome | Structure: Round and floats in cytoplasm Function: Digests food and/or breaks down old cell organelles/unwanted items Found In: Animals |
| mitochondria | Structure: Looks like a bean and floats in cytoplasm Function: Nicknamed “Powerhouse of the Cell”, has its own DNA, breaks down food to release energy for growth Found In: Plants and Animals |
| nuclear membrane/ nuclear envelope | Structure: Membrane around nucleus that is porous Function: Controls what goes in and out of the cell Found In: Plants and Animals |
| nucleolus | Structure: Ball like mass of fibers and found inside of the nucleus, also called “Little Nucleus” Function: Makes ribosomes to make proteins Found In: Plants and Animals |
| nucleus | Structure: Big in cytoplasm Function: Control Center, contain most DNA, makes proteins Found In: Plants and Animals |
| vacuole | Structure: Large sacs of empty space in cytoplasm Function: Stores food/water/waste to get rid of or use at a later time Found In: Plants and Animals )Plants have a really big one called the central vacuole) |
| prokaryotic | -Do not have a nucleus -Do not have membrane based organelles -Examples include bacteria |
| ribosomes | Structure: Looks like little black dots, located in cytoplasm and on Rough ER, made of RNA and protein Function: Makes proteins Found In: Plants and Animals and Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) | Structure: Long, coiled, maze-looking with black dots Function: Makes and modifies proteins, packages items into vesicles, nicknamed “Super Highway of the Cell” Found In: Plants and Animals |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) | Structure: Long, coiled, maze-looking without black dots, next to the rough ER Function: Builds lipids, stores proteins, Highway for the cell, contains special enzymes Found In: Plants and Animals |
| Vesicle | Structure: Ball-like structures floating in the cytoplasm Function: Transports items into and out of the cell Found In: Plants and Animals |
| Cytoskeleton | Structure: Tubes made of protein throughout entire cytoplasm Function: -Has microtubules that give shape and allow movement -Has microfilaments that allows for movement of organelles. Found In: Plants and Animals |
| Centrioles | Structure: Look like straws Function: Help guide chromosomes during development and pulls them apart Found In: Plants and Animals |
| Chromosomes (DNA) (Genetic Material) | Structure: Located within the nucleus, are commonly indicated by a “X”, thin strands in nucleus Function: To store genetic information and to streamline replication process of genetic information Found In: Everything living |
| Organelle | Structures found in cells that have special jobs. Like organs in the human body but at the cell level. |
Created by:
nrnaugle
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