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Vocab Ch. 2
Honors Biology Ch. 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Algae | A general term for any species of photosynthetic protist, including both unicellular and multicellular forms. |
| Amphibian | Member of the tetrapod class Amphibia, including salamanders, frogs, and caecilians |
| Angiosperm | A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary |
| Bilateral Symmetry | Body symmetry in which a central longitudinal plane divides the body into two equal but opposite halves |
| Binary Fission | A method of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms in which the cell grows to roughly double its size and then divides into two cells. |
| Binomial | a common term for the two-part, latinized format for naming a species, consisting of the genus and specific epithet; also called a binomen |
| Cellulose | a structural polysaccharide of plant walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages |
| Chitin | a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods |
| Extremophile | an organism in environmental conditions so extreme that few other species can survive there. Extremophiles include extreme halophiles ("salt lovers") and extreme thermophiles ("heat lovers") |
| Extreme halophile | an organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea |
| Extreme thermophile | an organism that thrives in hot environments (often 60-80 degrees C or hotter) |
| Facultative Anaerobe | an organism that makes ATP by anaerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present |
| flower | in an angiosperm, a specialized shoot with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction |
| fragmentation | a means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals |
| gram-negative | describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Often more toxic |
| gram-positive | describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Are usually less toxic. |
| gymnosperm | a vascular plant that bears naked seeds -- seeds not enclosed in protective chambers |
| leaf | the main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants |
| mammal | member of the class Mammalia, amniotes that have hair and mammary glands (glands that produce milk) |
| methanogen | an organism that produces methane as a waste product of the way it obtains energy. |
| mutualism | a +/+ ecological interaction that benefits each of the interacting species |
| obligate anaerobe | an organism that only carries out fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Such organisms cannot use oxygen and in fact may be poisoned by it |
| parasite | an organism that feeds on the cell content, tissues, or body fluids of another species (the host) while in or on the host organism. |
| Peptidoglycan | a type of polymer in bacteria cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides |
| phloem | vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant |
| radial symmetry | symmetry in which the body is shaped like a pie or barrel (lacking a lift side and a right side) and can be divided into mirror-imaged halves by any plane through its central axis |
| reptile | member of the class of amniotes that includes tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and birds |
| root | an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plants and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil |
| seed | an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat |
| seedless vascular plant | an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. |
| stem | a vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures |
| taxonomy | a scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life |
| Vascular plant | a plant with vascular tissue. |
| xylem | vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant |
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