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Ch.1 OPEN STAX A&P
Anatomy&Physiology Chapter 1
Answer | Question |
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c.regional anatomy | Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot? |
a.exercise physiologist | A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________. |
health career, promote heath, respond to health | Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology. |
anatomy | science that studies the form and composition of the body's structures |
gross anatomy | study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy |
homeostasis | steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain |
microscopic anatomy | study of very small structures of the body using magnification |
physiology | science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body's functions |
regional anatomy | study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions |
systemic anatomy | systemic anatomy |
a.cell | The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n) ________. |
a.organ | A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. |
d.skeletal system | The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. |
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism | Name the six levels of organization of the human body. |
cell | smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles |
organ | functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues |
organ system | group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function |
organism | living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life |
tissue | group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function |
d.sum of all chemical reactions in an organism | Metabolism can be defined as the ________. |
c.stores energy for use by body cells | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. |
a.differentiation | Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. |
anabolism | assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules |
catabolism | breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules |
development | changes an organism goes through during its life |
differentiation | process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function |
growth | process of increasing in size |
metabolism | sum of all of the body's chemical reactions |
renewal | process by which worn-out cells are replaced |
reproduction | process by which new organisms are generated |
responsiveness | ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions |
oxygen | Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. |
A.all classes of nutrients are essential to human survival | Which of the following statements about nutrients is true? |
c.breaking down stored energy | C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Her body responds to the cold by ________. |
nutrient | chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival |
pressure | force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance |
a.a control center | After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. |
c.sweat glands to increase their output | Stimulation of the heat-loss (get rid of) center causes ________. |
b.childbirth | Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop? |
control center | compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector |
effector | organ that can cause a change in a value |
negative feedback | homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed |
normal range | range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center |
positive feedback | mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus |
sensor | (also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center |
set point | ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis |