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A&P 1
Anatomy&Physiology Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| c.regional anatomy Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot? | |
| a.microscopic anatomy | |
| b.muscle anatomy | |
| c.regional anatomy | |
| d.systemic anatomy | |
| a.exercise physiologist A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n) ________. | |
| a.exercise physiologist | |
| b.microscopic anatomist | |
| c.regional physiologist | |
| d.systemic anatomist | |
| health career, promote heath, respond to health Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology. | |
| anatomy science that studies the form and composition of the body's structures | |
| gross anatomy study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy | |
| homeostasis steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain | |
| microscopic anatomy study of very small structures of the body using magnification | |
| physiology science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body's functions | |
| regional anatomy study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions | |
| systemic anatomy systemic anatomy | |
| a.cell The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n) ________. | |
| a.cell | |
| b.molecule | |
| c.organ | |
| d.tissue | |
| a.organ A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. | |
| a.organ | |
| b.organelle | |
| c.organism | |
| d.organ system | |
| d.skeletal system The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. | |
| a.cardiovascular system | |
| b.endocrine system | |
| c.muscular system | |
| d.skeletal system | |
| Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Name the six levels of organization of the human body. | |
| cell smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles | |
| organ functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues | |
| organ system group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function | |
| organism living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life | |
| tissue group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function | |
| d.sum of all chemical reactions in an organism Metabolism can be defined as the ________. | |
| A. adjustment by an organism to external or internal change | |
| B. process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions | |
| C. process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells | |
| D.sum of all chemical reactions in an organism | |
| c.stores energy for use by body cells Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. | |
| A.is the result of catabolism | |
| B.release energy in uncontrolled bursts | |
| C.stores energy for use by body cells | |
| D.All of the above | |
| a.differentiation Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. | |
| A differentiation | |
| B reproduction | |
| C responsiveness | |
| D both reproduction and responsiveness | |
| anabolism assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules | |
| catabolism breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules | |
| development changes an organism goes through during its life | |
| differentiation process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function | |
| growth process of increasing in size | |
| metabolism sum of all of the body's chemical reactions | |
| renewal process by which worn-out cells are replaced | |
| reproduction process by which new organisms are generated | |
| responsiveness ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions | |
| oxygen Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________. | |
| food | |
| nitrogen | |
| oxygen | |
| water | |
| A.all classes of nutrients are essential to human survival Which of the following statements about nutrients is true? | |
| A All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival. | |
| B Because the body cannot store any micronutrients, they need to be consumed nearly every day. | |
| C Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are micronutrients. | |
| D Macronutrients are vitamins and minerals. | |
| c.breaking down stored energy C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Her body responds to the cold by ________. | |
| A increasing the blood to her hands and feet | |
| B becoming lethargic to conserve heat | |
| C breaking down stored energy | |
| D significantly increasing blood oxygen levels | |
| nutrient chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival | |
| pressure force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance | |
| a.a control center After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________. | |
| A.a control center | |
| B.a set point | |
| C.effectors | |
| D.sensors | |
| c.sweat glands to increase their output Stimulation of the heat-loss (get rid of) center causes ________. | |
| A. blood vessels in the skin to constrict | |
| B. breathing to become slow and shallow | |
| C. sweat glands to increase their output | |
| D. All of the above | |
| b.childbirth Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop? | |
| A. blood pressure regulation | |
| B. childbirth | |
| C. regulation of fluid balance | |
| D. temperature regulation | |
| control center compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector | |
| effector organ that can cause a change in a value | |
| negative feedback homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed | |
| normal range range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center | |
| positive feedback mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus | |
| sensor (also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center | |
| set point ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis |
Created by:
Sofsor12
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