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Chem of Living Org.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Why is water such an important compound for living things? | it holds heat well, is a good solvent, and expands when it freezes. |
| What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound? | inorganic does not contain carbon and organic do contain carbon. |
| Why are salts important for metabolic functions? | They maintain water balance. |
| Identify the difference between acids and bases. | Acids are solution w/ a high amount of H+ ions and bases are solution w/ a high amount of OH- ions |
| What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? | Ionic bonds are bond formed by the transfer of electrons and covalent bonds are bond formed by the sharing of electrons |
| What elements do carbohydrates contain? | Carbohydrates contain hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon |
| How are CHO’s defined? | H and O are defined in a 2:1 ratio. |
| What is the building block of carbohydrates? | Glucose |
| How do cellulose and starches differ? | Starches are digestible and cellulose is indigestible. |
| What elements make up a lipid? | Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon |
| How do the elements of a lipid differ from CHO’s if they are made from the same things? | They have different ratios of each element. |
| How are lipids classified? Explain. | Saturated fats and unsaturated fats because some of them are full of all of the H’s and some only have certain ones. |
| In what form do animals store lipids? | fats |
| In what form do plants store lipids? | oils |
| What are the building blocks of a lipid? | Triglycerides |
| How are proteins different from CHO’s and lipids? | Proteins contain C,H,O, and N while CHO’s and lipids only contain C,H,O |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino Acids |
| List and define the two groups of amino acids, | Non essential amino acids are amino acids that the body does make. essential amino acids are amino acids that the body doesn’t make. |
| What are the two main classifications of proteins? | Complete and incomplete Complete have all 20 of the amino acids and incomplete only have a few of the 20 amino acids |
| How are complete proteins used in living organisms? | Proteins make up structures like hair, fingernails, and muscles |
| Compare the caloric content of CHO’s, lipids, and proteins. | The calorie content of them is CHO’s = 4, Lipids = 9, Proteins = 4. |
| List and define the two types of nucleic acids. | ribonucleic acid: builds the proteins DNA tells it deoxyribonucleic acid: template that tells the cell what proteins to make |
| What are the building blocks of the nucleic acids? | 1) A – adenine (always bonds w/ T) 2) T – thymine 3) G – guanine (always bonds w/ C) 4) C – cytosine 5) U – uracil (replaces thymine in RNA) |
| What is the function of the sugar and phosphate molecules in the nucleic acids? | phosphate molecules hold sugars together sugar molecules (ribose) hold nucleotides together |
| What is ATP and what is its significance as a biological compound? | (adenosine tri-phosphate)the molecule all living things use for energy and its significance is the amount of energy is stored in the chemical bonds |
| Explain what determines an organism’s “metabolism.” | net energy from all the reactions in an organism |
| What is “activation energy” and how do enzymes affect it? | -minimum energy needed for a reaction to happen -Enzymes Decrease activation energy (speeds reactions up). |
Created by:
KiahnaL
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