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Environment Techniqu
types of soils
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are soil horizons L and F composed of | they are composed of mainly leaves, needles and twigs, commonly found on at the subsurface of mineral soils |
| what are soil horizon O composed of | organic horizon is composed of mainly mosses, rushes and woody materials |
| what is the soil horizon M | this horizon is altered by hydrolsis, oxidation or solution or all three to give a change in colour or structure |
| what is soil horizon A | this mineral horizonformed at or near the surface in the zone of removal materials |
| what is soil horizon B | this mineral horizon characterized by enrichment in organic carbon, sesquioxides or clay |
| what is soil horizon C | this mineral horizon comparatively unaffected by the pedogenic processes operative in A and B |
| Textural Triangle | is the textural soil classification of sand and gravel size, clay size, silt size |
| soil | is general is defined as the unconsolidated, thin, variable layer of mineral and organic material |
| macronutrients | nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium |
| micronutrients | Boron, chlorine, copper, iron and manganese |
| secondary nutrients | Calcium, magnesium and sulphur |
| micronutrients | Molybdenum, Zinc |
| Grain Size Analysis test | to analyze soil texture based on the mechanical analysis and distribution of particles |
| Coarse Grained | particles are visible to the eye examples: boulders, cobbles, gravel and sand |
| Fine Grained | particles are not visible to the eye examples: silt nd clay |
| Hazens Equation | K = 10(D10)2 |
| coeficient of uniformity | Cu = D60 divided D10 |
| Atterberg Limits | to understand the procedures for determining the liquid and plastic limits of a soil |
| four stages of soil consistency | liquid, plastic, semi-solid and solid |
| liquid | slurry, peasoup divided soft butter |
| plastic | deform-changes it shape |
| semi solid | shrinking and swelling |
| solid | no shrinkage or swelling |
| Hydrometer test | to understand the Bouyouces hydrometer method of mechanical analysisused to determine the approximate particle size distribution of soils that are finer |
| clay properties | to understand the general properties of clay minerals |
| porosity | describes the amount of pore space in soil |
| Void ratio | expresses the relationship between the soilès solid phase and pore phase |
| Standard Proctor test | to understand the principles and application of standard proctor test |
| soil compaction | occurs when a weight on the soil surface rearranges the soil particles |
| types of wetlands | surface water flow, subsurface flow, horizontal and vertical flow, plant cells and living machines |
| key treatment parameters | conversion of nitrogenous wates, solids removal, biochemical oxygen demand and pathogen removal |
| open water surface flow | resembles a natural habitat or marsh |
| subsurface horizontal or vertical flow system | have no standing water on the surface |
| nitrogen cycle | Amminification, Nitrification, Denitrification and Fixation |
| System essentials | a diverse rich bacteria substrate and time |
| hydrualic residence time | 72 hours is target residence time |
| constructed wetland designs | the ability to undertake chemical, biological and physical processes |
Created by:
chfawcet
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