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Plant bio test 1
Key terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Botany | The science of studying plants |
| Herb | a seed plant does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season |
| Forb | Flowering, non grassy, herbaceous plant |
| Ethnobotany | The study of interrelations between humans and plants |
| economic botany | indirect interactions between plants and people |
| gluten | a protein naturally found in some grains including wheat, barley, and rye |
| seed coat | The protective outer coat of a seed |
| endosperm | the part of a seed which acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, usually containing starch with protein and other nutrients |
| Cotyledons | an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed |
| Radicle | the part of the plant embryo that develops into the primary root |
| epicotyl | the region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon |
| hypocotyl | the part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed leaves or cotyledons & directly above the root |
| Seed dormancy | The incapacity of a viable seed to germinate under favorable conditions |
| Seed scarification | weakening of the seed coat to speed of germination |
| seed stratification | a process of pre treating seeds in order to stimulate natural conditions that seeds would experience in soil over time |
| plant hormone | regulators of almost all aspects of plant development & plant responses to their environment |
| Gibberellic acid | naturally occurring plant hormones that are used as plant growth regulators to stimulate both cell division and elongation that affects leaves and stems |
| Amylase | an enzyme found mostly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars |
| glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid |
| citric acid cycle | a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl Co-A derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
| oxidation phosphorylation | the process by which ATP synthesis is coupled to the movement of electrons through the e.t.c. and the consumption of oxygen |
| essential element | any chemical element required in large amounts for plant growth and development |
| macronutrient | a chemical element required in large amounts for plant growth and development |
| amino acid | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group |
| enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction |
| nucleic acid | naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information carrying molecules in cells |
| morphogenesis | the origin and development of morphological characteristics |
| primary growth | Growth by the activity of a primary meristem resulting mainly in an increase in length and the addition of appendages |
| meristem | plant tissue usually made up of small cells capable of dividing indefinitely and giving rise to similar cells or to cells that differentiate to produce the definitive tissues and organs |
| apical meristem | region of cells capable of division and growth in the root & shoot tips in plants |
| axillary bud | the precursor of a branch or lateral shoot |
| root pericycle | primary tissue of plant roots and is the site for the initiation of lateral roots & 2 secondary meristems, the vascular cambium and cork cambium |
| dermal tissue | the outer protective layer of a primary plant body |
| ground tissue | all the other tissue in a plant that isn't dermal tissue or vascular tissue |
| vernalization | a prolonged period of low temperature |
| tropism | The turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus |
| nastic response | a response of plant parts that is independent of the direction of the external stimulus |
| taxis | a motion or orientation of a cell, organism, or part in response to an external stimulus |
| plant hormone | chemicals produced by plants that regulate their growth, development, reproductive processes, longevity, and even death |
| phytochrome | a blue-green pigment found in many plants, in which it regulates various developmental processes |
| etiolation | a process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light stimulus |
| skototropism | growth or movement away from light |
| gravitropism | a plant growth response to the environment that directs shoots upward and roots downward |
| statocyte | an organ of equilibrium found in usually aquatic invertebrates that is typically a fluid filled vesicle lined with sensory hairs |
| Micronutrients | Required in minute quantities like 0.1 mg per gram of dry matter or less than that Ex: manganese, boron, copper, iron |
| Macronutrients | Required in relatively large quantities like one to 10 milligram per gram of dry matter Ex: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
Created by:
jbalboni
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