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Science PC 11
Chapter 11 - Geology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
earth's outer layer of rock | crust |
sphere of stone; crust of the earth | lithosphere |
boundary which separates the crust from the mantle | Moho |
solid rock exposed at the crust's surface | bedrock |
a hard mixture of mineral fragments comprising a great portion of the crust | rock |
formed when magma cools | igneous rock |
rock formed from the accumulation and hardening of water-born materials | sedimentary rock |
rock that has been altered by heat and pressure, or chemicals | metamorphic rock |
processes which result in movements or deformations of the earth's crust | diastrophism |
a break in the rock of the crust along which there has been movement | fault |
rock structure formed by the slow bending of crustal rocks | fold |
suggests that the continents have been pushed apart at the center of the Atlantic ocean | sea-floor spreading hypothesis |
attempts to explain continental drift by means of "floating" plates | plate tectonics hypothesis |
topmost layer of the mantle | asthenosphere |
cone-shaped mountains produced by volcanic eruptions | volcanic mountain |
produced when volcanic material pushes the crust up into a blister-like mound | dome mountain |
formed when rock layers are pushed together so that they wrinkle or fold | folded mountains |
is formed when a vertical movement in a rock mass occurs along a fault | fault-block mountain |
boundary between different rock layers or between the crust and mantle or mantle and core | discontinuity |
layer of the earth between the crust and the core | mantle |
central portion of the earth | core |
angle of deviation of a compass needle from true north | angle of declination |
angle of earth's magnetic field makes with the earth's surface | angle of dip |
compass where needle operates vertically | dip compass |
imaginary circle around the earth at the half way position between the magnetic poles | magnetic equator |
doughnut-shaped region of the charged particles surrounding the earth | magnetosphere |
list of the principle rock-forming elements of the earth's crust in order of abundance | oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum |
99% of the earth's crust is from what elements | sodium, silicon, potassium, oxygen, magnesium, iron, calcium, and aluminum |
outer core composed primarily of? | molten iron and molten nickel |
lines connecting places where magnetic needles point to true north as well as to the North Magnetic Pole | agonic line |
mountain climber | alpinist |
rocks buckled upward during folding | anticline |
responds vertically to magnetic field of the earth | dip compass |
discontinuity between the mantle and core | Gutenberg discontinuity |
lines connecting places of equal magnetic dip | isoclinic line |
lines connecting places of equal magnetic declination | isogonic line |
protocontinent | Pangaea |
rocks buckled downward during folding | syncline |
two doughnut-shaped belts of charged solar particles trapped by the earth's magnetic field | Van Allen radiation belts |