click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science PC 11
Chapter 11 - Geology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| earth's outer layer of rock | crust |
| sphere of stone; crust of the earth | lithosphere |
| boundary which separates the crust from the mantle | Moho |
| solid rock exposed at the crust's surface | bedrock |
| a hard mixture of mineral fragments comprising a great portion of the crust | rock |
| formed when magma cools | igneous rock |
| rock formed from the accumulation and hardening of water-born materials | sedimentary rock |
| rock that has been altered by heat and pressure, or chemicals | metamorphic rock |
| processes which result in movements or deformations of the earth's crust | diastrophism |
| a break in the rock of the crust along which there has been movement | fault |
| rock structure formed by the slow bending of crustal rocks | fold |
| suggests that the continents have been pushed apart at the center of the Atlantic ocean | sea-floor spreading hypothesis |
| attempts to explain continental drift by means of "floating" plates | plate tectonics hypothesis |
| topmost layer of the mantle | asthenosphere |
| cone-shaped mountains produced by volcanic eruptions | volcanic mountain |
| produced when volcanic material pushes the crust up into a blister-like mound | dome mountain |
| formed when rock layers are pushed together so that they wrinkle or fold | folded mountains |
| is formed when a vertical movement in a rock mass occurs along a fault | fault-block mountain |
| boundary between different rock layers or between the crust and mantle or mantle and core | discontinuity |
| layer of the earth between the crust and the core | mantle |
| central portion of the earth | core |
| angle of deviation of a compass needle from true north | angle of declination |
| angle of earth's magnetic field makes with the earth's surface | angle of dip |
| compass where needle operates vertically | dip compass |
| imaginary circle around the earth at the half way position between the magnetic poles | magnetic equator |
| doughnut-shaped region of the charged particles surrounding the earth | magnetosphere |
| list of the principle rock-forming elements of the earth's crust in order of abundance | oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum |
| 99% of the earth's crust is from what elements | sodium, silicon, potassium, oxygen, magnesium, iron, calcium, and aluminum |
| outer core composed primarily of? | molten iron and molten nickel |
| lines connecting places where magnetic needles point to true north as well as to the North Magnetic Pole | agonic line |
| mountain climber | alpinist |
| rocks buckled upward during folding | anticline |
| responds vertically to magnetic field of the earth | dip compass |
| discontinuity between the mantle and core | Gutenberg discontinuity |
| lines connecting places of equal magnetic dip | isoclinic line |
| lines connecting places of equal magnetic declination | isogonic line |
| protocontinent | Pangaea |
| rocks buckled downward during folding | syncline |
| two doughnut-shaped belts of charged solar particles trapped by the earth's magnetic field | Van Allen radiation belts |