Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIOL 1406 CH 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subatomic particles: | Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Protons - | positively charged particles found in the nucleus |
| Neutrons - | neutral particles found in the nucleus |
| Electrons - | negatively charged particles found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus |
| Niels Bohr - | created the atomic diagram |
| Atomic number - | number of protons in an element |
| If the amount of protons equals the amount of electrons, then the atoms are ______________. | electrically neutral |
| Element - | a substance that can’t be broken down by ordinary means |
| Atomic mass - | sum of protons plus neutrons in an element |
| Orbital - | a region around the nucleus of an atom with a high probability of containing an electron. The positions of electrons can only be described by these probability distributions |
| Ions - | charged particles |
| Cation - | a positively charged ion |
| Anion - | a negatively charged ion |
| Isotopes - | different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Radioactive isotope - | an isotope that is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay, releasing energy |
| Potential energy - | the farther an electron is from the nucleus, the more potential energy it has |
| Redox Reaction - | when one atom or molecule is oxidized while another is reduced in the same reaction |
| Oxidation - | loss of an electron |
| Reduction - | gain of an electron |
| LEO the lion goes GER: | Loss of an electron → oxidation, Gain of an electron → reduction |
| Valence electrons - | # of electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom |
| Octet rule - | a rule that describes a total of eight electrons are needed to complete an atoms outer electron shell |
| These 4 main elements make up 96.3% of human body weight: | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| Molecules - | common atoms in stable association |
| Compounds - | molecules containing more than one type of element |
| Chemical bonds - | the energy or force holding atoms together |
| Ionic Bond - | Chemical bond former by electrostatic interaction between ions with opposite charge |
| Covalent bond - | a chemical bond arising from two atoms sharing one or more electrons |
| Electronegativity - | a property of atomic nuclei that refers to the affinity of the nuclei for valence electrons; a nucleus that is more electronegative has a greater pull on electrons than one that is less electronegative |
| Nonpolar covalent bonds - | equal sharing of electrons |
| Polar covalent bonds - | unequal sharing of electrons |
| Hydrogen bond - | a weak association formed with hydrogen in polar covalent bonds. The partially positive hydrogen is attracted to partially negative atoms in polar covalent bonds |
| Van der Waals Forces - | a weak chemical interaction between atoms and molecules. This affects the structure of important biological molecules. |
| Reactants - | original molecules |
| Products - | molecules resulting from reaction |
| Polarity - | refers to unequal charge distribution in a molecule such as water, which has a positive region and a negative region although it is neutral overall. |
| Cohesion - | attraction between water molecules |
| Adhesion - | water molecules stick to other polar molecules |
| Acid - | any substance that dissociates in water to increase the hydrogen ion concentration and thus lower the ph |
| Base - | any substance that dissociates in water to absorb and therefore decrease the hydrogen ion concentration and thus raise the ph. |
| Buffer - | A substance that resists changes in ph. it releases hydrogen ions when a base is added and absorbs H+ when an acid is added |
Created by:
gxlxctic.tofu
Popular Biology sets