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Dosage Forms PTCB
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for PTCB test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aerosols | sprayable products employing propellants. Mostly used for topical applications to the skin. May be used for inhalation as a metered dose inhalant into the lungs. |
| capsules | solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed in soluble shells or other hard or soft gelatin. Smallest capsule is #5 and largest is #000 |
| creams | viscous liquid or semi-solid emulsions of oil and water, used topically |
| elixirs | clear, sweetened, hydroalcholic liquids intended for oral use. Usually contains flavoring substances. Primary solvents are alchohol and water. |
| emulsions | preparations containing fats and oils suspend with the aid of an emulsifying agent |
| gels | semisolid suspensions of very small particles (insoluable drugs) usually in water |
| liniments | mixtures of various substances in oil, alcholoic solutions of soap, or emulsions intended for external application. Often used for heat producing effects by rubbing |
| lotions | fluid emulsions or suspensions intended for external application to the body |
| ointments | semisolid preparation intended for external use, usually made from oil bases |
| powders | finely divided solid material intended for use internally or externally |
| solutions | liquid preparation containing one or more soluable chemical substances dissolved, usually in water |
| spirits | alcoholic or hydroalcoholic substances, contains a high percent of alcohol and easily evaporates. Sometimes called essences. |
| suppository | solid dose form usually manufactured in cylindrical, egg or pear shapes for insertion |
| suspensions | preparations of finely divided, undissolved drugs, dispersed in liquids, requires a "shake well before each use" label |
| syrups | concentrated solutions of sugars (ex:sucrose) in water or other aqueous liquids |
| tablets | solid dosage forms which may vary greatly in shape, size, weight and many other properties. Usually compressed with filler or binders. The most common dosage form in the US. |
| buccal | designed to be placed in the buccal pouch (between the cheek and gum) |
| sublingual | tablets intended to be dissolved under the tongue, sometimes also chewed and swallowed. |
| enteric coated | tablets with a special coating to prevent dissolution in the stomach, they dissolve in the intenstine instead. Should never be crushed or chewed. |
| matrix tablets | tablets containing the active drug in a wax matrix, providing controlled release and decreasing GI disturbance |
| pellets | pellets or implanted tablets intended for subcutaneous or surgical implants |
| sustatined extended controlled slow release | the dosage forms are formulated to release the drug over an extended period of time, usually over an 8, 12,24 hour period. These dosage forms should not be broken or chewed. |
| troches lozenges | tablets designed to be held in the mouth while they dissolve gradually. They keep the drug in contact with the mucous area of the mouth for an extended period. |
| vaginal tabs | tablets intended for insertion into the vagina |
| tinctures | alcohol or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable, drugs or chemical substances. Usually 10-20% w/v of the drug |
| transdermal | flat unit (patches)intended to provide continuos controlled release of a drug through a semipermeable membrane following application to inact skin |
| subcutaneous | injected in the tissue layer between the outer layer of skin and muscle |
| intramuscular | injected into the muscle |
| intravenous | injected into the vein. This is the most rapid dosage form and the drug can not be taken back |
| intrathecal | injected directly into the spinal cord by means of a lumbar puncture |
| intracardiac | injected directly into the heart muscle |
| buffered tablet | a tablet that prevents ulceration or irratation of the stomach wall |
| fluidextract | a pharmacopiel liquid preparation of vegetable drugs, made by filtration, containing alcohol as a solvent, preservative or both. |
| gavage | feeding with a stomach tube |
| granule | a very small pill, usually gelatin or sugar coated containing a drug to be given in a small dose |
| parental | admistration by some means other than the gastrointestinal tract |
| plaster | a solid preparation that can be spread when heated and becomes adhesive at body tempature |
| topical | a drug that is intended to be applied to the surface of the body |
| aromatic water | a mixture of distilled water with an aromatic volatile oil. Example peppermint water or camphor water |
| gaseous drugs | pharmaceutical gases or drugs in gas form such as nitrous oxide, halothone, oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| bulk compounding | making up a batch of frequently used compounds not for a particular patient |
| extemporaneous compounding | compunding for a single or known patient. Not made up before |
| trituate | mix together |
| trituation order | place smallest amount first, then place equal amounts of the remaining amounts and mix, then repeat until all amounts are mixed |
Created by:
rpusbach
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