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BIO 1406 CH 1
BIOL 1406 CH 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The 3 domains: | Archaea, bacteria, and eukarya |
| The levels of classification: (Dear King Phillip came over for good soup) | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Characteristics of living organisms: (CMRCEHGH) | Complexity, Movement, Response to stimulation, Cellular Organization, Energy Utilization, Homeostasis, Growth, development, & reproduction, and heredity |
| Fundamental Properties of Life: (CEHGH) | Cellular organization, energy utilization (photosynthesis), homeostasis, growth, development, & reproduction, and heredity |
| Homeostasis - | The maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiological environment in an organism; usually involves some form of feedback self-regulation. |
| Heredity - | DNA replicaiton and duplication onto offspring |
| Photosynthesis - | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water |
| Consumers include: | herbivores and carnivores |
| Heterotrophs - | organisms that can’t derive energy from photosynthesis so it must feed on other plants and animals |
| Atom - | The smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction |
| Organelle - | the specialized part of a cell; literally, a small cytoplasmic organ |
| Cell - | the basic unit of life |
| Cellular Levels: | Atoms, molecules, organelles |
| Organismal Levels: | Tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms |
| Ecosystem Levels: (each level has emergent properties, PSCEB) | population (same place), specis (specific kind), community (different species in one place), ecosystem (biological community and physical habitat), biosphere (earth) |
| Emergent Properties - | Novel properties arising from the way in which components interact. Emergent properties often can’t be deduced solely from knowledge of the individual components. |
| Deductive Reasoning - | general principles to make specific predictions |
| Inductive reasoning - | specific observations to develop general conclusions |
| Self correcting - | a systematic approach to gain an understanding of the natural world |
| Scientific Method - | An orderly sequence used when testing a hypotheses |
| Scientific Method: | Observation, Hypothesis formation, prediction, experimentation, and conclusion |
| Variable - | A factor that influences a process, an outcome, or an observation. In experiments, scientists attempt to isolate variables to test hypotheses. |
| Experiment - | tests hypotheses |
| Test Experiment - | one variable is altered |
| Control Experiment - | variable is left unaltered |
| Models - | Organize thought, show relationships between parts, and suggest experiments |
| Scientific theory - | a statement supported by evidence and scientific reasoning, is the most certain explanation |
| Evolution - | the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection |
| Alfred Russel Wallace - | a young man who proposed a theory similar to Darwins, thus causing Darwin to publish his book |
| Darwin and Evolution - | Darwin originally proposed the theory of evolution, which caused the theory to gain acceptance |
| Jean Baptiste de Lamarck – | inheritance of acquired characteristics (1801) |
| Natural selection - | The differential reproduction of genotypes; caused by factors in the environment; leads to evolutionary change |
| Selection - | the process by which some organisms leave more offspring than competing ones, and their genetic traits tend to appear in greater proportions among members of succeeding generations than the traits of those individuals that leave fewer offspring |
| Homologous - | same evolutionary origin, different in structure and function |
| Analogous - | different origin, same purpose (butterfly and bird wings) |
| Unifying Themes in Biology: | 1. Life is subject to chemical and physical laws 2. Structure determines function 3. Living systems transform energy and matter 4. Living systems depend on information transactions 5. Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life |
| Inductive Reasoning - | specific observations to develop general conclusions |
| self correcting - | a systematic approach to gain an understanding of the natural world |
| Scientific method - | an orderly sequence used when testing a hypothesis |
| Steps of the scientific method: (OHPEC) | Observation, hypothesis formation, prediction, experimentation, conclusion |
| Variable - | A factor that influences a process, an outcome, or an observation. In experiments, scientists attempt to isolate variable to test hypotheses. |
| Experiment - | tests hypotheses |
| Test Experiment - | one variable is altered |
| Control experiment - | variable is left unaltered |
| Models - | organize thoughts, show relationships between parts, and suggest experiments |
| Scientific Theory | a statement supported by evidence and scientific reasoning, is the most certain explanation |
| evolution | the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection |
| Alfred Russel Wallace | a young man who proposed a theory similar to Darwins, thus causing Darwin to publish his book |
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